2021年排放差距报告

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Our distribution policy aims to reduce UNEP s carbon footprint.The Heat Is On A world of climate promises not yet delivered Emissions Gap Report 2021V Emissions Gap Report 2021: The Heat Is On Acknowledgements Acknowledgements The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) would like to thank the members of the steering committee, the lead and contributing authors, reviewers and the secretariat for their contribution to the preparation of this assessment report. Authors and reviewers have contributed to the report in their individual capacities. Their affiliations are only mentioned for identification purposes. Steering committee Juliane Berger (German Environment Agency), John Christensen (CONCITO [Denmark’s climate think tank]), Navroz K. Dubash (Centre for Policy Research, India), James Foster (UK Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy), Samuel Karslake (UK Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy), Mike Keoghan (UK Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy), Gerd Leipold (Climate Transparency), Jian Liu (UNEP), Simon Maxwell (independent), Surabi Menon (ClimateWorks Foundation), Bert Metz (European Climate Foundation), Katia Simeonova (independent), Oksana Tarasova (World Meteorological Organization) and Xuehong Wang (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change [UNFCCC]) Authors Chapter 1 Authors: Anne Olhoff (UNEP DTU Partnership, Denmark), John Christensen (CONCITO [Denmark’s climate think tank]) Chapter 2 Lead authors: Takeshi Kuramochi (NewClimate Institute, Germany), Michel den Elzen (PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, the Netherlands), Taryn Fransen (World Resources Institute, USA), Glen Peters (Center for International Climate Research [CICERO], Norway) Contributing authors: Andrzej Ancygier (Climate Analytics, Germany), Ayşe Ceren Sarı (SHURA, Turkey), Anna Chapman (Climate Analytics, Australia), Monica Crippa (Joint Research Centre [JRC], Italy), Mengpin Ge (World Resources Institute, USA), Johannes Gütschow (Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Germany), Mariana Gutierrez (Iniciativa Climatica, Mexico), Diego Guizzardi (JRC, Italy), Gahee Han (Solutions For Our Climate, Republic of Korea), Niklas Höhne (NewClimate Institue, Germany), Louise Jeffery (NewClimate Institute, Germany), Kimon Keramidas (JRC, Spain), Caroline Lee (Canadian Institute for Climate Choices, Canada), Enrique Maurtua Konstantinidis (Fundación Ambiente y Recursos Naturales [FARN], Argentina), Victor Maxwell (Climate Analytics, Australia), Malte Meinshausen (University of Melbourne, Australia), Marilena Muntean (JRC, Italy), Leonardo Nascimento (NewClimate Institute, Germany), Jos Olivier (PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, the Netherlands), Mark Roelfsema (PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, the Netherlands), Efisio Solazzo (JRC, Italy), Hajime Takizawa (Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Japan), Kentaro Tamura (Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Japan), Heleen van Soest (PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, the Netherlands), Jorge Villareal (Iniciativa Climatica, Mexico), Sachi Vohra (The Energy and Resources Institute [TERI], India), Lisa Wijayani (Institute for Essential Services Reform [IESR], Indonesia), William Wills (Eos Estratégia International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [IIASA], Austria), Stephen M. Smith (Oxford University, UK), Sha Yu (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory [PNNL], USA) Contributing authors: Jiyong Eom (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology [KAIST], Republic of Korea), Taryn Fransen (World Resources Institute, USA), Claire Fyson (Climate Analytics, Germany), Thomas Hale (Oxford University, UK), Frederic Hans (NewClimate Institute, Germany), John Lang (Energy International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [IIASA], Austria) Contributing authors: Ioannis Dafnomilis (PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, the Netherlands), Johannes Gütschow (Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Germany), Kimon Keramidas (Joint Research Centre [JRC], Spain), Robin Lamboll (Imperial College London, UK), Jared Lewis (University of Melbourne, Australia), Malte Meinshausen (University of Melbourne, Australia), Zebedee Nicholls (University of Melbourne, Australia) Chapter 5 Lead authors: Brian O’Callaghan (University of Oxford, UK; Harvard University, USA), Jean-Paul Adam (United Nations Economic Commission for Africa [UNECA], Ethiopia) Contributing authors: Bartholomew Armah (UNECA, Ethiopia), Jean Paul Boketsu Bofili (UNECA, Ethiopia), Hopestone Kayiska Chavula (UNECA, Ethiopia), Frederic Hans (NewClimate Institute, Germany), Andrew Prag (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD], France), David Tritsch (University of Oxford, UK) Chapter 6 Lead authors: Drew Shindell (Duke University, USA), Marielle Saunois (Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin [UVSQ], Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l Environnement [LSCE], France) VI Emissions Gap Report 2021: The Heat Is On Contributing authors: Dominik Brunner (Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology [EMPA], Switzerland), Lena Höglund-Isaksson (International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [IIASA], Austria), Kevin Karl (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [FAO], Italy), Euan Nisbet (Royal Holloway, University of London, UK), Stefan Schwietzke (Environmental Defense Fund [EDF], USA), Francesco Tubiello (FAO, Italy) Chapter 7 Lead authors: Sha Yu (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory [PNNL], USA), Maosheng Duan (Tsinghua University, China), Jae Edmonds (PNNL, USA) Contributing authors: Katherine Calvin (PNNL, USA), Stefano De Clara (International Carbon Action Partnership [ICAP], Germany), Dirk Forrister (International Emissions Trading Association [IETA], Switzerland), Stephanie La Hoz Theuer (adelphi, Germany), Luca Lo Re (International Energy Agency [IEA], France), Ruben Lubowski (Environmental Defense Fund [EDF], USA), Axel Michaelowa (Perspectives and University of Zurich, Switzerland), Clayton Munnings (University of California, Berkeley, USA), Karen Holm Olsen (UNEP DTU Partnership, Denmark), Mandy Rambharos (Eskom, South Africa), Chandra Shekhar Sinha (World Bank, USA), Detlef van Vuuren (PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, the Netherlands) Reviewers Jesica Andrews (UNEP Finance Initiative), Juliane Berger (German Environment Agency), Thomas Bernheim (European Commission Directorate-General for Climate Action), Nathan Borgford-Parnell (Scientific Advisory Panel and Climate and Clean Air Coalition [CCAC]), Derik Broekhoff (Stockholm Environment Institute), Louise Burrows (UK Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy), Manfredi Caltagirone (UNEP), Cyril Cassisa (BHP), Oliver Chaplin (UK Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy), John Christensen (CONCITO [Denmark’s climate think tank]), Laura Cozzi (International Energy Agency [IEA]), Navroz K. Dubash (Centre for Policy Research, India), Virender K. Duggal (Asian Development Bank), James Dyke (University of Exeter), Veronika Elgart (Federal Office for the Environment of the Swiss Confederation), Kate Ervine (Saint Mary’s University), Kai Remco Fisher (UNEP Finance Initiative), Shinichiro Fujimori (Kyoto University), James Foster (UK Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy), Oliver Geden (German Institute for International and Security Affairs), Muhammad Arif Goheer (Global Change Impact Studies Centre), Martin Hession (European Commission Directorate-General for Climate Action), Andrea Hinwood (UNEP), Andrew Howard (Koru Climate), Jason Jabbour (UNEP), Yasuko Kameyama (National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan), Maarten Kappelle (UNEP), Karsten Karschunke (German Environment Agency), Samuel Karslake (UK Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy), Mike Keoghan (UK Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy), Katre Kets (European Commission Directorate-General for Climate Action), Gerardus Klaassen (European Commission Directorate- General for Climate Action), Gerd Leipold (Climate Transparency), Thomas Liesch (Allianz), Jian Liu (UNEP), Michael Luker (UK Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy), James Mabbutt (UK Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy), Kathleen McAfee (San Francisco State University), Simon Maxwell (independent), Surabi Menon (ClimateWorks Foundation), Bert Metz (European Climate Foundation), Brendan Moore (University of East Anglia), Susan Mutebi-Richards (UNEP), Nick Nuttall (We Don’t Have Time), Miles Perry (European Commission Directorate-General for Climate Action), Frederik Pischke (German Environment Agency), Rula Qalyoubi (UNEP), Mark Radka (UNEP), Akkihebbal Ramaiah Ravishankara (Colorado State University), Yann Robiou du Pont (Climate & Energy College), Katie Ross (World Resources Institute), Christian Schoder (World Bank), Himanshu Sharma (UNEP), Katia Simeonova (independent), Thomas Spencer (IEA), Jamal Srouji (World Resources Institute), Oksana Tarasova (World Meteorological Organization), Jacopo Tattini (IEA), Melvin van Velthoven (European Commission Directorate-General for Climate Action), Xuehong Wang (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change [UNFCCC]), Carsten Warnecke (New Climate Institute), Bob Watson (East Anglia University), Daniel Wetzel (IEA), Zhao Xiusheng (Tsinghua University), Jinhua Zhang (UNEP), Yuqiang Zhang (Duke University), Edoardo Zandri (UNEP), Caroline Zimm (International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [IIASA]) Chief scientific editors Anne Olhoff (UNEP DTU Partnership), John Christensen (CONCITO [Denmark’s climate think tank]) Editorial support Julia Rocha Romero (UNEP DTU Partnership) Secretariat, production and coordination Anne Olhoff (UNEP DTU Partnership), Julia Rocha Romero (UNEP DTU Partnership), Kaisa Uusimaa (UNEP), Maarten Kappelle (UNEP), Edoardo Zandri (UNEP) Media and launch support Daniel Cooney (UNEP), David Cole (UNEP), Katie Elles (UNEP), Florian Fussstetter (UNEP), Maria Vittoria Galassi (UNEP), Nancy Groves (UNEP), Rune Kier (UNEP), Viola Kup (UNEP), Nicolien Schoneveld-de Lange (UNEP), Michael Logan (UNEP), Beverley McDonald (UNEP), Pooja Munshi (UNEP), Keishamaza Rukikaire (UNEP), Laila Saada (UNEP), R e a g a n S i r e n g o ( U N E P ) , N e h a S u d ( U N E P ) a n d s e v e r a l other members of the UNEP Communication Division, Mette Annelie Rasmussen (UNEP DTU Partnership), Lasse Hemmingsen (UNEP DTU Partnership), Monna Hammershøy Blegvad (UNEP DTU Partnership)VII Emissions Gap Report 2021: The Heat Is On Design and layout Joseph & Sebastian (cover), Strategic Agenda (figures and layout) Translations of the executive summary and language editing Strategic Agenda Thanks also to: Magda Biesiada (UNEP), Angeline Djampou (UNEP), Johan Falk (Exponential Roadmap Initiative), Owen Gaffney (Stockholm Resilience Centre), Frank Geels (University of Manchester), Dany Ghafari (UNEP), Niklas Hagelberg (UNEP), Suzana Kahn Ribeiro (Universidae Federal do Rio de Janeiro), Yawo Konko (UNEP), Kelly Levin (Bezos Earth Fund), Paz Lopez-Rey (UNEP), Omar Masera (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), Sofía Méndez Mora (UNEP), Jane Muriithi (UNEP), Ekaterina Poleshchuk (UNEP), Joyashree Roy (Asian Institute of Technology), Sybrig Smit (NewClimate Institute), Nandita Surendran (UNEP), Ying Wang (UNEP) UNEP would like to thank the ClimateWorks Foundation, the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy, the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) and its International Climate Initiative (IKI), the Nordic Working Group for Climate and Air (NKL) of the Nordic Council of Ministers and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Authority (SIDA) for supporting the work of the Emissions Gap Report 2021.VIII Emissions Gap Report 2021: The Heat Is OnIX Emissions Gap Report 2021: The Heat Is On Contents Acknowledgements V Glossary XI Foreword XV Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Context of the Emissions Gap Report 2021 1 1.2 Focus, approach and structure of the report 1 Chapter 2 Trends in global emissions, new pledges