中国矿产资源报告2022（英）-自然资源部.pdf

Prepared by Ministry of Natural Resources, PRC China Mineral Resources 2022 GEOLOGICAL PUBLISHING HOUSE BEIJING Chairman: Ling Yueming Vice-chairmen: Ju Jianhua Jiang Wenbiao Wang Feng Members: Wang Guoping Wang Lei Zhu Zhenfang Li Xiaobo Yang Shangbing Wu Ping Wu Jun Qiu Haijun He Kaitao Chi Hengwei Cao Xinyuan Liang Kai Jing Dongsheng Editor-in-chief: Li Xiaobo Associate Editor-in-chief: Yan Weidong Sun Yongchao Editorial Staff: Yu Jiangwei Ma Xiaojie Ma Jianming Kong Ning Deng Feng Shi Jin Xu Chuangsheng Zhang Wei Zhang Haibo Luo Xiaomin Lin Bolei Zhou Qizhong Zhao Yun Hu Xianqi Hu Rongbo Jiang Ya Fei Yue Gu Na Xu Shuguang Guo Juan Mu Chao Editorial Committee I Foreword Under the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization, adhere to overall development and safety, China has continuously promoted the reform of mineral resources management and green development in mining sector, and significant progress has been made in the exploration and development of mineral resources. In order to make people at home and abroad who care about and support natural resources conditions understand exploration and development, management and reform progress of mineral resources, the Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR) organized the compilation of the China Mineral Resources (hereinafter referred to as the Report). This year’s Report focuses on such information since 2021 as the new progress made in China’s geological survey; reconnaissance, exploration and development of mineral resources, mine ecological rehabilitation and green mine construction; new changes in policies and regulations related to mineral resources; new measures taken in management of mineral resources; new scientific and technological innovation; and new achievements obtained in the international cooperation on geological and mineral resources with countries participating in the “Belt and Road Initiative”. The Report presents the achievements in the field of mineral resources with a feature since the 18th CPC National Congress. Till the end of year 2021, a total of 173 kinds of mineral resources have been discovered in China, including 13 kinds of energy minerals, 59 kinds of metallic minerals, 95 kinds of nonmetallic minerals and 6 kinds of water and gases. The year 2021 witnessed the growth of investments in geological exploration by 11.6%, of which the investment in geological exploration of non-oil-gas minerals has achieved positive growth for the first time since 2013. In 2021, 95 mineral deposits were discovered throughout China. Breakthroughs were made in oil and gas exploration in Ordos Basin, Dzungar Basin, Tarim Basin, Sichuan Basin, Bohai Bay Basin, etc. Major progress was made in the exploration of coal, gold and three rare minerals (rare earth, rare metal and rare-scattered elements). Foreword II China Mineral Resources 2022 The basic geological survey work has been continuously improved, and important progress has been made in the survey of mineral resources. The geological survey of maritime areas, the survey of oil and gas resources in maritime areas and the geological survey of ocean have been carried out continuously. In China’s mining industry, fixed-asset investment was increased, manifested by the continued growth of the production volumn of major minerals, accelerated optimization of the energy consumption structure continuously, and significant achievement in the conservation and intensive and comprehensive utilization of mineral resources. Efforts were made to prepare a plan for ecological rehabilitation of mines during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, so as to facilitate the examination of historical mines. More emphasis was put on the ecological rehabilitation of historical mines in key river basins and areas. The Specification for Green Geological Survey and Mineral Exploration was implemented and publicized, and projects for demonstration of green exploration were further carried out. Through looking back on green mines, construction of green mines was pushed forward with high quality. Measures were taken to further strengthen the legislation and regulation in the field of mineral resource exploration and development, continue to promote the modification to the Mineral Resources Law, publish and implement the Regulations on Groundwater Management, enclose the professional qualifications of mineral rights appraisers in the National Vocational Qualification Catalog (2021 Edition). Formulating and implementing the mineral resources planning at all levels; standardizing the public disclosure of information on exploration and exploitation of mining rights, strengthening the construction of the integrity system in the mining sector, and enabling the national supervision and service platform for the geological exploration industry. Efforts were made to push forward the full implementation of reform measures for the management of mineral reserves, build internal supervision mechanism for mineral reserves review and calculation quality, provide supervision and guidance services, and promote the informatization of mineral resources the regulations on registration of the transfer of mining rights were released to make public the registration information; provisions were made to strictly normalize the approval procedure for excavation, inward and outward of paleontological fossils. III Foreword A wealth of significant scientific and technological achievements were made in the field of mineral resources; 8 national standards and 115 industrial standards were published and implemented in the field of geological and mineral resources. Innovate the ways of international exchange and cooperation in the field of mineral resources, actively maintain contact with relevant countries and international organizations; promote practical cooperation and further consolidate friendly cooperation relations in the field of geology and minerals through exchange platforms such as China International Mining Conference, China-ASEAN Mining Cooperation Forum and Promotion Exhibition, etc. Statistics in the Report are mainly from the MNR and the National Bureau of Statistics of the People’s Republic of China. Statistics from the Hong Kong Special Administration Region, the Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan Province are not included in the Report. Contents V Contents Foreword Chapter I Geological and Mineral Resources Surveys and Evaluations ………………………………………………… 1 I. Basic Geological Survey ……………………………………………………… 1 II. Mineral Resources Surveys and Evaluations ……………………………… 2 III. Marine Geological Survey …………………………………………………… 4 Chapter II Mineral Resources ……………………………………………… 6 I. Energy Minerals ………………………………………………………………… 6 II. Metallic Minerals ……………………………………………………………… 7 III. Nonmetallic Minerals ………………………………………………………… 8 Chapter III Exploration …………………………………………………… 10 I. Investments in Geological Exploration …………………………………… 10 II. Progress in Oil and Gas Exploration ………………………………………… 14 III. Progress in Exploration of Non-oil-Gas Minerals …………………………… 15 Chapter IV Development and Utilization ……………………………… 16 I. Fixed-asset Investment in Mining Industry …………………………………… 16 II. Production and Consumption of Mineral Products ………………………… 18 III. Conservation and Comprehensive Utilization of Mineral Resources …… 20 VI China Mineral Resources 2022 Chapter V Ecological Rehabilitation of Mines and Green Development ………………………………………………… 23 I. Ecological Rehabilitation of Mines …………………………………………… 23 II. Green Exploration ……………………………………………………………… 24 III. Construction of Green Mines ………………………………………………… 25 Chapter VI Policies and Regulations on Mineral Resources ……… 27 I. Laws and Regulations ………………………………………………………… 27 II. Rules and Reforms …………………………………………………………… 28 III. Taxes on Mineral Resources ………………………………………………… 29 Chapter VII Mineral Resources Management ………………………… 30 I. Mineral Resources Planning …………………………………………………… 30 II. Geological Exploration Management ………………………………………… 31 III. Mineral Reserves Management ……………………………………………… 32 IV. Mining Rights Management ………………………………………………… 33 V. Credit Management for Mining Right Holders ……………………………… 34 VI. Paleontological Fossils Protection Management…………………………… 35 Chapter VIII Geological Data Management and Services …………… 36 I. Geological Data Management System ……………………………………… 36 II. Geological Data Collection …………………………………………………… 37 III. Geological Data Services …………………………………………………… 37 Chapter IX Scientific and Technological Innovations in Mineral Resources ……………………………………… 40 I. Technological Milestones in Field of Mineral Resources …………………… 40 II. Technical Standards in the Field of Mineral Resources …………………… 42 III. Technological Innovation Platforms in Field of Mineral Resources ……… 43 Chapter X International Cooperation …………………………………… 45 I. Bilateral and Multilateral Cooperation Mechanisms ………………………… 45 II. International Mining Cooperation Platforms ………………………………… 47 Geological and Mineral Resources Surveys and Evaluations Chapter I 1 Chapter I Geological and Mineral Resources Surveys and Evaluations The level of basic geological survey work has been continuously improved. Major progress was made in the survey of important mineral resources. The evaluation was completed on the groundwater resources throughout the country. Work continued in the geological survey and oil 1.9 trillion m 3 in South China, accounting for 5% of the total. There were around 14.7 trillion m 3 of saline groundwater reservoir in China. The national groundwater monitoring project was completed and accepted, enabling the efficient operation and maintenance of 10,171 automatic monitoring stations. 4 China Mineral Resources 2022 III. Marine Geological Survey 1. Basic marine geological survey Continued efforts were made in the geological survey of maritime areas under China’s jurisdiction, acquiring important measured data and new geological knowledge. The 1 : 250,000 marine regional geological surveys and aerial geophysical surveys were carried out in three key areas in the East China Sea, the offshore of Hainan Island and the Zhongsha Islands. The 1 : 50,000 marine regional geological surveys were carried out in 4 key areas, including Changshan Feature 1-1 Achievements of geological survey and evaluation of minerals since the 18th CPC National Congress Since the 18th CPC National Congress, a series of major prospecting breakthroughs or new discoveries have been made in the geological survey of minerals, including the survey across an area of more than 700 thousand km 2 on a scale of 1 : 50,000, and geological work has been greatly improved. More than 2500 prospecting targets were delineated, and more than 300 new ore-fields were discovered, facilitating the formation of a batch of large mineral resources bases, including Huangyangshan graphite orefield and Malkansu manganese orefield in Xinjiang, Duolong copper orefield in Tibet, and thus greatly secure the availability of resources and the development of strategic emerging industries. Major breakthroughs were achieved in the shale gas exploration in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, a number of shale gas exploration and development areas, such as Zheng an in Guizhou and Yichang in Hubei, have been newly opened up. A series of major discoveries and breakthroughs were made in the oil and gas survey in Xinjiang, supporting the formation of new energy bases, the transfer of 25 oil and gas exploration blocks, and the rules reform on oil 5 favorable structural traps were preferred; 1 oil and gas survey parameter well in the mesozoic erathem, Northeast of the South China Sea was targeted. 3 potential blocks for oil and gas exploration in the northern South China Sea were preferred to support the reform of the oil and gas system. Surveys were carried out on oil and gas resources in key areas of South China Sea, more efforts were made to consolidate the basic geological survey on oil and gases, and oil and gas exploration scope was expanded. 3. Deep-sea geological survey The third round of China-Pakistan joint geological survey was completed in Indian Ocean, basic geological survey and research were systematically carried out in the exclusive economic zone of Pakistan, serving the development of an all-weather strategic partnership between China and Pakistan. The 11th voyage of deep-sea geological survey was completed, and 27,000 km 2 of deep-sea rare earth pospecting targets in the Western Pacific and 50,000 km 2 of cobalt-rich nodules enrichment area were delineated; 4 different gradients of deep-sea rare earth reference materials were developed for declaration as national reference materials. Research was made on the mineral resources in the waters of the Arctic and key geological science issues, and the Atlas of Marine Geology, Mineral Resources and Environment in the Arctic were prepared. 6 China Mineral Resources 2022 Chapter II Mineral Resources Till the end of year 2021, a total of 173 kinds of mineral resources have been discovered in China, including 13 kinds of energy minerals, 59 kinds of metallic minerals, 95 kinds of nonmetallic minerals and 6 kinds of water and gases. I. Energy Minerals Table 2-1 Reserves of Main Energy Minerals in China in 2021 No. Minerals Unit Reserves 1 Coal Billion tons 207.89 2 Oil Billion tons 3.69 3 Natural gas Billion m 3 6339.27 4 Coalbed methane Billion m 3 544.06 5 Shale gas Billion m 3 365.97 Note: The data for oil and gas (oil, natural gas, coalbed methane, and shale gas) reserves are remaining proved technically recoverable reserves as per Classifications for Petroleum Resources and Reserves (GB/T 19492-2020) and those of other minerals are the total of proved reserves and probable reserves as per Classifications for Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves (GB/T 17766-2020). 7 Mineral Resources Chapter II Fig. 2-1 Regional Distribution of Main Energy Minerals in China Table 2-2 Reserves of Main Metallic Minerals in China in 2021 No. Minerals Unit Reserves 1 Iron ore Billion tons 16.12 2 Manganese ore Million tons 281.69 3 Chromite Million tons 3.09 4 Vanadium Million tons of V 2 O 5 7.87 5 Titanium Million tons of TiO 2 223.83 6 Copper Million tons of metal 34.95 7 Lead Million tons of metal 20.41 8 Zinc Million tons of metal 44.23 9 Bauxite Million tons of ore 711.14 10 Nickel Million tons of metal 4.22 11 Cobalt Million tons of metal 0.14 12 Tungsten Million tons of WO 3 2.95 13 Tin Million tons of metal 1.13 14 Molybdenum Million tons of metal 5.85 15 Antimony Million tons of metal 0.64 16 Gold Tons of metal 2964.37 17 Silver Tons of metal 71783.66 18 Platinum-group metals Tons of metal 87.69 19 Strontium Million tons of celestite 24.64 20 Lithium Million tons of Li 2 O 4.05 II. Metallic Minerals 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Oil Coal Natural gas Shale gas Percentages of reserves Sichuan Shanxi Gansu Shaanxi Heilongjiang Hebei Xinjiang Inner Mongolia Guizhou Chongqing 8 China Mineral Resources 2022 III. Nonmetallic Minerals Table 2-3 Reserves