【PVPMC】Fraunfor-Max-新型组件设计对功耗和成本的影响

©Fraunhofer ISE/Foto: Guido Kirsch© Fraunhofer ISEFHG-SK: ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL The Impact Of Novel Module Designs On Power And Costs Module Concepts and Applications Max Mittag, Boris FarnungFraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE13 th PVPMC WorkshopKunshan, 09.12.2019www.ise.fraunhofer.de © Fraunhofer ISE2FHG-SK: ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISEIntroductionn Established: 1981 (38 years ago)n Directors:Prof. Dr. Hans-Martin Henning Dr. Andreas Bettn Staff: 1200 people n Budget 2018 incl. invest.: 94.3 Mil. € Foto: © Fraunhofer ISE / Guido Kirsch © Fraunhofer ISE3FHG-SK: ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL PhotovoltaicsNew Applications & Integrated PV New applications Earth.com © Fraunhofer ISE4FHG-SK: ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL New TechnologiesNew requirements CompetitivenessHalf cellsbifaciality Glass-GlassRound wiresshinglingNew cell concepts New products & lower costsNew applications Earth.com © Fraunhofer ISE5FHG-SK: ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL Power and CostsCompetitivenessn Reduction of costsn Materialsn Manufacturingn System Integrationn Increase in module power & efficiencyn Reduction in Lossesn Light Management n Heat Dissipation Cell-to-Module (CTM) AnalysisCost share in PV power plantscosts power  €Wp  © Fraunhofer ISE6FHG-SK: ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL Assessment of New Technologiesn What is the benefit of a new technology?  Holistic evaluationn Complete loss analysis along the value chain (wafer to system)n Techno-economic optimization (€/kWh) Mittag et al, „Approach for a Holistic Optimization from Wafer to PV System“, 2017 © Fraunhofer ISE7FHG-SK: ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL CURRENT TRENDS IN PV MODULESn Half Cellsn Larger Solar Cells © Fraunhofer ISE8FHG-SK: ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL PV Module DesignFull and Half Cells © Fraunhofer ISE9FHG-SK: ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL PV Module DesignFull and Half Cells - Powern ½ cells = ½ electrical currentn ½ current = ¼ electrical losses (Ploss = I² x R)n Power losses due to cutting process ( 0.2%abs)n More cell spacing = more internal reflectionn More internal reflection = more irradiance on solar cell n More irradiance on solar cell = more power fewer but larger spacings more but narrower spacingsMittag et al, „Techno-Economic Analysis of Half Cell Modules“, 2019 © Fraunhofer ISE10FHG-SK: ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL PV Module DesignFull and Half Cells - Powern ½ cells = ½ electrical currentn ½ current = ¼ electrical losses (Ploss = I² x R)n Power losses due to cutting process ( 0.2%abs)n More cell spacing = more internal reflectionn More internal reflection = more irradiance on solar cell n More irradiance on solar cell = more power Higher module power output (2-3%rel) Full Cell Half Cell SmartCalc.CTMwww.cell-to-module.comfree demo version © Fraunhofer ISE11FHG-SK: ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL PV Module DesignFull and Half Cells - Costsn Cell splitting requires additional equipment and an additional process step Added manufacturing costsn Power gains compensate for manufacturing Higher costs per module (€/pcs)  Lower costs per Watt (€/Wp) absolute costs€ / module specific costs€ / Wp84.03 84.52 24.27 24.07 © Fraunhofer ISE12FHG-SK: ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL PV Module DesignFull and Half Cells - Operationn Power of solar cells depends on irradiancen More irradiance = higher electrical currentn High currents = high electrical losses High irradiance = high electrical lossesn Power labeling of PV modules performed according to laboratory characterizationn Laboratory characterization uses high irradiance  Advantages of some concepts under- / overrated in laboratory characterization Investments in new technologies require Know-How Increasing advantage of half cells for high irradiance Advantage in outdoor operationAdvantage in laboratory © Fraunhofer ISE13FHG-SK: ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL PV Module DesignGlass-Backsheet and Glass-Glassbacksheetglass glassglass © Fraunhofer ISE14FHG-SK: ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL PV Module DesignGlass-Backsheet and Glass-Glassn No internal reflection gains Lower power output of the module (1 - 2%)n Glass is a good moisture barriern Solar cells in the neutral axis High reliability expected Module degradation after accelerated aging © Fraunhofer ISE15FHG-SK: ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL PV Module DesignGlass-Backsheet and Glass-Glassn More light is passing through the module Less absorptionn Additional irradiance from the rear side (albedo) Additional absorptionn Glass is a thermal barrier Good insulation Glass-Glass may modules become warmer  Additional power losses in operation expected © Fraunhofer ISE16FHG-SK: ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL Assessment of New Technologiesn What is the benefit of a new technology?  Holistic evaluationn Complete loss analysis along the value chain (wafer to system)n Techno-economic optimization (€/kWh) Mittag et al, „Approach for a Holistic Optimization from Wafer to PV System“, 2017 © Fraunhofer ISE17FHG-SK: ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL PV Module DesignLarger Solar Cellsn Manufacturers now capable of producing larger wafersn Larger wafer  larger cell  more powern Same number of handling steps Lower costs (€/Wp)n Module and system integration of larger cells difficult:n larger modules = larger palettes = less modules per truck  higher logistic costs Source: Longi Solar © Fraunhofer ISE18FHG-SK: ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL PV Module DesignLarger Solar Cellsn Larger solar cells increase module powern No significant changes in module efficiencyn No 1:1 transfer of power gains from cells to modules Higher losses from cell-to-module n Impact on module manufacturers that are not vertically integratedn Buying cells & selling modules (€/Wp)  CTM-power losses = financial losses M2 M4 M6 cell area (fsq) 100.0% 106.4% 112.2% power [Wp] 321.8 341.7 359.0 power rel. 100.0% 106.2% 111.6% © Fraunhofer ISE19FHG-SK: ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL Summaryn Photovoltaics is a growing industry Cost reduction New marketsn New module technologies impact system performancen €/module or €/W p might be insufficient  €/kWh Holistic optimization necessary to harvest potentialsn Cost pressure affects all steps of the value chainn Wafer, cell, module, system … reliability, logistics © Fraunhofer ISE20FHG-SK: ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL Thank you for your Attention!Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISEMax Mittag, Boris Farnung www.ise.fraunhofer.demax.mittag@ise.fraunhofer.de SmartCalc.CTMwww.cell-to-module.comfree demo version