【PVPMC】Fraunfor-Max-新型组件设计对功耗和成本的影响

Fraunhofer ISE/Foto Guido Kirsch Fraunhofer ISEFHG-SK ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL The Impact Of Novel Module Designs On Power And Costs Module Concepts and Applications Max Mittag, Boris FarnungFraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE13 th PVPMC WorkshopKunshan, 09.12.2019www.ise.fraunhofer.de Fraunhofer ISE2FHG-SK ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISEIntroductionn Established 1981 38 years agon DirectorsProf. Dr. Hans-Martin Henning Dr. Andreas Bettn Staff 1200 people n Budget 2018 incl. invest. 94.3 Mil. € Foto Fraunhofer ISE / Guido Kirsch Fraunhofer ISE3FHG-SK ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL PhotovoltaicsNew Applications Integrated PV New applications Earth.com Fraunhofer ISE4FHG-SK ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL New TechnologiesNew requirements CompetitivenessHalf cellsbifaciality Glass-GlassRound wiresshinglingNew cell concepts New products lower costsNew applications Earth.com Fraunhofer ISE5FHG-SK ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL Power and CostsCompetitivenessn Reduction of costsn Materialsn Manufacturingn System Integrationn Increase in module power efficiencyn Reduction in Lossesn Light Management n Heat Dissipation Cell-to-Module CTM AnalysisCost share in PV power plantscosts power  €Wp  Fraunhofer ISE6FHG-SK ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL Assessment of New Technologiesn What is the benefit of a new technology  Holistic evaluationn Complete loss analysis along the value chain wafer to systemn Techno-economic optimization €/kWh Mittag et al, „Approach for a Holistic Optimization from Wafer to PV System“, 2017 Fraunhofer ISE7FHG-SK ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL CURRENT TRENDS IN PV MODULESn Half Cellsn Larger Solar Cells Fraunhofer ISE8FHG-SK ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL PV Module DesignFull and Half Cells Fraunhofer ISE9FHG-SK ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL PV Module DesignFull and Half Cells - Powern cells electrical currentn current electrical losses Ploss I x Rn Power losses due to cutting process 0.2absn More cell spacing more internal reflectionn More internal reflection more irradiance on solar cell n More irradiance on solar cell more power fewer but larger spacings more but narrower spacingsMittag et al, „Techno-Economic Analysis of Half Cell Modules“, 2019 Fraunhofer ISE10FHG-SK ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL PV Module DesignFull and Half Cells - Powern cells electrical currentn current electrical losses Ploss I x Rn Power losses due to cutting process 0.2absn More cell spacing more internal reflectionn More internal reflection more irradiance on solar cell n More irradiance on solar cell more power Higher module power output 2-3rel Full Cell Half Cell SmartCalc.CTMwww.cell-to-module.comfree demo version Fraunhofer ISE11FHG-SK ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL PV Module DesignFull and Half Cells - Costsn Cell splitting requires additional equipment and an additional process step Added manufacturing costsn Power gains compensate for manufacturing Higher costs per module €/pcs  Lower costs per Watt €/Wp absolute costs€ / module specific costs€ / Wp84.03 84.52 24.27 24.07 Fraunhofer ISE12FHG-SK ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL PV Module DesignFull and Half Cells - Operationn Power of solar cells depends on irradiancen More irradiance higher electrical currentn High currents high electrical losses High irradiance high electrical lossesn Power labeling of PV modules performed according to laboratory characterizationn Laboratory characterization uses high irradiance  Advantages of some concepts under- / overrated in laboratory characterization Investments in new technologies require Know-How Increasing advantage of half cells for high irradiance Advantage in outdoor operationAdvantage in laboratory Fraunhofer ISE13FHG-SK ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL PV Module DesignGlass-Backsheet and Glass-Glassbacksheetglass glassglass Fraunhofer ISE14FHG-SK ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL PV Module DesignGlass-Backsheet and Glass-Glassn No internal reflection gains Lower power output of the module 1 - 2n Glass is a good moisture barriern Solar cells in the neutral axis High reliability expected Module degradation after accelerated aging Fraunhofer ISE15FHG-SK ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL PV Module DesignGlass-Backsheet and Glass-Glassn More light is passing through the module Less absorptionn Additional irradiance from the rear side albedo Additional absorptionn Glass is a thermal barrier Good insulation Glass-Glass may modules become warmer  Additional power losses in operation expected Fraunhofer ISE16FHG-SK ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL Assessment of New Technologiesn What is the benefit of a new technology  Holistic evaluationn Complete loss analysis along the value chain wafer to systemn Techno-economic optimization €/kWh Mittag et al, „Approach for a Holistic Optimization from Wafer to PV System“, 2017 Fraunhofer ISE17FHG-SK ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL PV Module DesignLarger Solar Cellsn Manufacturers now capable of producing larger wafersn Larger wafer  larger cell  more powern Same number of handling steps Lower costs €/Wpn Module and system integration of larger cells difficultn larger modules larger palettes less modules per truck  higher logistic costs Source Longi Solar Fraunhofer ISE18FHG-SK ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL PV Module DesignLarger Solar Cellsn Larger solar cells increase module powern No significant changes in module efficiencyn No 11 transfer of power gains from cells to modules Higher losses from cell-to-module n Impact on module manufacturers that are not vertically integratedn Buying cells selling modules €/Wp  CTM-power losses financial losses M2 M4 M6 cell area fsq 100.0 106.4 112.2 power [Wp] 321.8 341.7 359.0 power rel. 100.0 106.2 111.6 Fraunhofer ISE19FHG-SK ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL Summaryn Photovoltaics is a growing industry Cost reduction New marketsn New module technologies impact system performancen €/module or €/W p might be insufficient  €/kWh Holistic optimization necessary to harvest potentialsn Cost pressure affects all steps of the value chainn Wafer, cell, module, system reliability, logistics Fraunhofer ISE20FHG-SK ISE-CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL Thank you for your AttentionFraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISEMax Mittag, Boris Farnung www.ise.fraunhofer.demax.mittagise.fraunhofer.de SmartCalc.CTMwww.cell-to-module.comfree demo version