可持续航空燃料证书（SAFc）排放核算和报告指南（英）-世界经济论坛.pdf

Sustainable Aviation Fuel Certificate (SAFc) Emissions Accounting and Reporting Guidelines WHITE PAPER OCTOBER 2022 In collaboration with RMI and PwC Netherlands Contents Foreword Preface Executive summary Introduction 1 Key SAF accounting and reporting concepts 2 Persona: SAF supplier 3 Persona: Airlines 4 Persona: Corporate traveller 5 Persona: Private aircraft 6 Persona: Freight Key recommendations and next steps Appendix 1: Sample calculations Appendix 2: Normative references Contributors Endnotes 3 4 6 8 14 19 22 25 29 32 37 38 43 45 47 Images: Unsplash, Getty Images © 2022 World Economic Forum. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system. Disclaimer This document is published by the World Economic Forum as a contribution to a project, insight area or interaction. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are a result of a collaborative process facilitated and endorsed by the World Economic Forum but whose results do not necessarily represent the views of the World Economic Forum, nor the entirety of its Members, Partners or other stakeholders. Sustainable Aviation Fuel Certificate (SAFc) Emissions Accounting and Reporting Guidelines 2 Foreword Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) is steadily making its way into the public consciousness of climate solutions. Some of the most influential companies and institutions globally have committed to procuring and using SAF at an ever-increasing scale over the past year. This is great news, as SAF is recognized as a critical lever toward making net- zero aviation a reality. From policy advancements, agreement on a long-term aspirational goal for international civil aviation and significant offtake announcements from major airlines, fuel producers and corporate customers, the momentum for scaling up SAF has only grown. While these achievements are commendable and historic, more work is needed to support the rapid roll- out of SAF that will be required to keep the sector on track to reach net-zero aviation. The current project pipelines for SAF production are insufficient and need to be scaled up by a factor of roughly six to achieve needed SAF production levels of 40-50 megatonnes (Mt) by 2030. This will require the development of hundreds of new fuel production plants, each taking several years for design and construction. Simply put, the clock is ticking, and we must continue to increase our efforts to scale up SAF supply. The role of aviation customers has never been more important to help establish a thriving SAF market. Corporates and private customers can create a strong, long-term demand signal for the certified emissions reductions from SAF through SAF certificates (SAFc). While major global brands have continued to show true ambition by investing in early SAFc pilot transactions, harnessing the full demand of corporate aviation customers will require the establishment of a standardized, industry- backed book and claim approach for accounting and reporting the carbon benefits of SAFc towards voluntary climate targets. Clear and standardized accounting and reporting guidance is vital to unlocking significant, long-term investment from corporate aviation consumers for the environmental attributes of SAF – while also ensuring environmental integrity and avoiding the potential negative outcomes, like double counting. Book and claim – and clear associated accounting and reporting guidance – is critical for airlines and other air transport providers without physical access to SAF supply today. It can also help limit supply chain inefficiencies in shipping fuel around the world, which add to SAF’s life cycle emissions. This publication of the Sustainable Aviation Fuel Certificate (SAFc) Emissions Accounting and Reporting Guidelines marks a critical step in developing a standardized accounting and reporting approach, proposing a consistent and transparent book and claim methodology to account for the carbon benefits of SAF and SAFc across the value chain. These guidelines are intended to remove uncertainty in the market and further understanding and alignment. Over the next year the Clean Skies for Tomorrow community will be working together to test these guidelines to support adoption across the entire value chain, including with standard setters such as Greenhouse Gas Protocol (GHGP) and the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi). Karin Meijer Partner, ESG Services, PwC Bryan Fisher Managing Director, Climate Aligned Industries, RMI Lauren Uppink Calderwood Head, Aviation, Travel and Tourism, World Economic Forum Sustainable Aviation Fuel Certificate (SAFc) Emissions Accounting and Reporting Guidelines October 2022 Sustainable Aviation Fuel Certificate (SAFc) Emissions Accounting and Reporting Guidelines 3 Preface The scale up of SAF globally can be facilitated by a comprehensive accounting and reporting framework. CST’s “demand signal” workstream aims to scale the use of SAF through a SAFc system that can mobilize corporate demand to contribute to the SAF price premium in exchange for emissions and broader environmental claims. About CST and SAF certificates The Clean Skies for Tomorrow coalition (CST) was initiated at the World Economic Forum annual meeting in Davos in January 2019. The coalition provides a crucial platform for industry leaders and civil society to align on and implement a transition pathway to net-zero aviation by 2050. CST serves as the aviation sector pillar in the Mission Possible Partnership, an international coalition working to decarbonize harder-to-abate heavy industry and transport sectors. Though sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) is recognized as the most viable in-sector decarbonization approach today, it is approximately two to five times 1 the price of conventional jet fuel and represents less than 0.1% of jet fuel demand. 2 Its adoption suffers from a “chicken-and-egg” challenge, whereby SAF producers and consumers are unable or unwilling to bear the initial cost of scaling global production. CST’s “demand signal” workstream aims to scale the use of SAF through a SAF certificates (SAFc) system that can mobilize corporate demand to contribute to the SAF price premium in exchange for emissions and broader environmental claims. Individual company efforts to scale SAF use such as SkyNRG’s Board Now, United Airlines’ Eco-Skies Alliance, KLM’s Corporate SAF Programme, and Fly Green Fund, already exist and have set a valuable precedent for this mechanism. However, a universal system that equips the aviation sector with clear guidance to claim environmental benefits is needed. In order to support these claims, the system also requires market infrastructure to track the use of SAFc and lend credibility to this new mechanism. CST’s report, Powering Sustainable Aviation Through Customer Demand, provides more information on the SAFc concept, its functionality and a preliminary framework for SAFc emissions claims accounting and reporting. These guidelines build from this initial work. Since the start of the CST initiative, the demand signal group has: – Convened a broad coalition of over 50 leading entities from across the aviation industry (airlines, airports, fuel providers, manufacturers, corporate flight buyers) committed to the vision of net-zero emissions in aviation. – Brought evidence that some corporate travellers and airfreight customers are willing to pay a premium for SAF, confirming that demand could drive the initial deployment of SAF at scale. – Developed a viable framework for SAFc that is compatible with and working towards recognition as a mitigation measure within voluntary carbon reporting programmes through the Greenhouse Gas Protocol (GHGP) and the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi). – Influenced transactions that have used the SAFc approach to structure their procurement – including PwC, Microsoft, Deloitte and Deutsche Post DHL in partnership with Alaska Airlines, United Airlines, American Airlines and Delta Air Lines. SAFc will require robust market infrastructure to scale, the development of which is the focus of CST, the Sustainable Aviation Buyers Alliance (SABA) and the Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) efforts in 2022. This infrastructure includes: – The SAFc rulebook, which includes detailed specifications on how SAFc can be issued, transferred and retired in an independently governed registry. – The SAFc registry, an IT system that will streamline, verify and make transparent the issuance, transfer and retirement of certificates. – Guidance to support users of SAF and SAFc in their emissions accounting and reporting (this document). CST, SABA and SkyNRG are also actively working to test this SAFc market infrastructure in pilot transactions, which will generate additional insights to refine the system. Sustainable Aviation Fuel Certificate (SAFc) Emissions Accounting and Reporting Guidelines 4 These guidelines offer detailed step-by-step instructions including recommended accounting calculation methods and reporting procedures. How to use these guidelines The proposed SAF and SAFc accounting and reporting guidelines are designed to guide practitioners including greenhouse gas inventory specialists, auditors, fuel suppliers, air transport providers, and corporate buyers of SAF and SAFc. These guidelines offer detailed step-by-step instructions including recommended accounting calculation methods and reporting procedures, in the absence of formal global standards. Specifically, this document aims to provide five key “personas” including SAF suppliers, airlines, corporate travellers, private aircraft owners and operators and freight operators (carriers, freight forwarders and shippers) with: – Guidelines for emissions calculations to be used in designing and preparing a greenhouse gas emissions inventory. – Guidelines for publicly reporting greenhouse gas emissions and reductions associated with SAF and SAFc. These guidelines are developed to ensure that each user of SAF and SAFc is assigned accurate and proportionate emissions and reductions. In these guidelines, the term “should” is used to describe recommendations for relevant stakeholders to prepare and report a greenhouse gas inventory. These recommendations are intended to improve the completeness, relevance, transparency, consistency and accuracy of existing accounting and reporting standards for SAF and SAFc. Standards on GHG emissions accounting already exist and guide accounting and reporting today. These proposed SAF and SAFc accounting and reporting guidelines, as much as possible, use guidance from prevalent standards and frameworks to ensure compatibility with current best practices (see Appendix 1 for further details). In particular, these guidelines substantially make use of GHGP standards, 3 the SBTi aviation sector target setting guidance, the ICAO CORSIA methodology, the draft RSB Book and Claim Manual, the Smart Freight Centre’s accounting guidance for a book and claim framework, and the Global Logistics Emissions Council (GLEC) framework 4 (see Appendix 2 for further details). However, as SAFc is a novel accounting and reporting tool, minor modifications to existing accounting approaches are proposed that deviate from current practices in order to accurately and consistently reflect its distinct characteristics. Ultimately, it is hoped that these proposed guidelines can facilitate the incorporation of SAFc into the broader corporate emissions accounting and reporting guidance and standards including the GHGP and the SBTi. Importantly, these proposed guidelines apply exclusively to voluntary use and reporting of SAF and SAFc. They are not applicable for SAF used towards compliance frameworks such as SAF blending mandates. Compliance use cases will require distinct accounting and reporting principles and protocols, which should be the subject of further analysis. To allow for flexibility, broader use and consistency with other upcoming standards, these guidelines will likely be revisited in the future, in view of the experience and knowledge of SAF and SAFc usage. These guidelines do not comprehensively detail the performance criteria for SAFc, nor do they fully detail the function of a SAFc registry. To address this, SABA and the RSB, in collaboration with CST, are working in parallel to develop detailed specifications for a book and claim registry for SAFc. The registry is an IT system that will record all issued and retired certificates and prevent double claiming of environmental attributes across the value chain. Thus, the proposed SAF and SAFc accounting and reporting guidelines are intended to be used as practical claims guidance that builds on the comprehensive framework being developed by RSB, SABA and CST. Sustainable Aviation Fuel Certificate (SAFc) Emissions Accounting and Reporting Guidelines 5 Executive summary Decarbonizing aviation is difficult but critical. While electric and hydrogen-fuelled aircraft are promising, these technologies, with the potential to decarbonize flights entirely, may not be commercially viable until well into the 2030s and are unlikely to fully serve long-haul flights. Drop-in sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) is already commercially available and therefore plays a critical role in decarbonizing aviation today and in the longer term. However, SAF comprises less than 0.1% of total jet fuel demand today and is significantly more expensive than conventional jet fuel. With the aim to support its broader adoption, Clean Skies for Tomorrow (CST) is supporting industry-wide efforts to catalyse demand for additional supply of SAF. With its partners, CST has developed a market- based mechanism that can enable more actors to contribute, thus drawing down this price premium, and advancing the SAF market. SAF certificates This market mechanism is called a SAF certificate (SAFc), which will function similarly to an energy attribute certificate (EAC), representing the environmental attributes of a metric tonne of neat, i.e. unblended, SAF. There is significant demand from corporate aviation customers – both in their business travel and freight – for tangible solutions to tackle their supply chain or scope 3 emissions. SAFc can harness this demand to facilitate faster scaling of SAF production and enable more actors to start decarbonizing their value chains in tangible ways. This market mechanism can equip consumers with a tool to send a meaningful demand signal to the nascent SAF market. Thanks to the Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) and the International Sustainability and Carbon Certification (ISCC), a robust mass balance certification system already exists. In addition to tracing the flow of fuels through the value chain, it verifies facility-level claims about sustainability to compliance and voluntary schemes. Building from