PVsyst Tutorials V7 说明书资料手册

1 PVsyst SA - Route de la Maison-Carrée 30 - 1242 Satigny - Switzerland www.pvsyst.com 2 INTRODUCTION This document is a first step of a series of tutorials which explain the use of PVsyst Version 7 and may be understood as a PVsyst user s manual. It contains three different tutorials describing the basic aspects of the simulation:  Creation of a grid-connected project  Construction and use of 3D shadings scenes  Meteorological data in PVsyst More tutorials are in preparation and will be added in the future. They will explain in more detail the different features of PVsyst. The complete reference manual for PVsyst is the online help, which is accessible from the program through the “Help” entries in the menus, by pressing the F1 key or by clicking on the help icons inside the windows and dialogs. 3 Contents INTRODUCTION2 Contents 3 Part 1: Basic Approach - My First Project4 1- First contact with PVsyst4 2- Full study of a sample project5 3- Saving the Project9 4- Executing the first simulation 13 5- Adding further details to your project.18 Part 2: 3D Near Shadings Construction Basics.32 1- Defining the 3D scene:.33 2- Use the 3D scene in the simulation .54 Part 3: Meteorological Data Management .60 1- Introduction.60 2- Geographical sites .63 3- Synthetic data generation .68 4- Meteo tables and graphs.70 5- Importing Meteo data from predefined sources.74 6- Importing Meteo data from custom file77 Part 4: Components Management .87 1- PV Modules definition in Pvsyst 87 2- Inverter definition in Pvsyst.92 4 Part 1: Basic Approach - My First Project 1- First contact with PVsyst When opening PVsyst you get to the main page: This gives access to the four main parts of the program: “Project design and simulation” is the main part of the software and is used for the complete study of a project. It involves the choice of meteorological data, system design, shading studies, losses determination, and economic evaluation. The simulation is performed over a full year in hourly steps and provides a complete report and many additional results. “Recent projects” allows you to quickly find and modify your recent projects “Documentation” will help you in the realization of your different simulations with the help of PDF tutorials, Videos and a FAQ. “Pvsyst user Workspace” contains all data created by the user. The default place is C:\Users\\Pvsyst7.0_Data but this can be changed by the user 5 35 m 10m 35m N 20° 8m 10 m 10m D=6m H=12m Elévation : Pente toiture 25° Sut tous côtés: avant-toits de 0.5 M H = 5m 2- Full study of a sample project Project specifications and general procedure For an introduction to the development of a project design in PVsyst, we will walk through a full project step-by-step. As an example, we will consider a farm located in Switzerland close to Geneva. The building in question is shown on the following sketch: The roof of the farm is facing south. A roof surface of 125 m2 is available, and we plan to cover 50 m2 of them with mono-crystalline PV modules. As explained before, we will not use the “Preliminary Design” for a grid-connected project, but rather start the complete “Project design”. 6 When you choose “Grid connected“ project, you will get the following dashboard for the management of a project: The dashboard has two parts: The Project basic definitions and the System variant management. The ‘Project’ in PVsyst, is just a central object for which you will construct different variants (also called system configurations or calculation variants) of your system. The Project contains the geographical site of your system, the reference to a file with the meteorological data, and some general parameters like the Albedo definition, some sizing conditions and parameters specific to this project. In the PVsyst workspace it will get a filename with the extension *.PRJ. Each System Variant contains all the detailed definitions of your system, which will result in a simulation calculation. These definitions include the choice of solar panels and inverters, the number of panels and inverters, geometrical layout and possible shadings, electrical connections, different economic scenarios, etc. In the database, the files with the Variants of a project will have the Project s file name, with extensions VC0, VC1, VCA, etc. You can define up to 936 Variants per project. 7 Steps in the development of a project When developing a project in PVsyst, you are advised to proceed in small incremental steps:  Create a project by specifying the geographical location and the meteorological data.  Define a basic system variant, including only the orientation of the PV modules, the required power or available area and the type of PV modules and inverters that you would like to use. PVsyst will propose a basic configuration for this choice and set reasonable default values for all parameters that are required for a first calculation. Then you can simulate this variant and save it. It will be the first rough approximation that will be refined in successive iterations.  Define successive variants by progressively adding perturbations to this first system, e.g., far shadings, near shadings, specific loss parameters, economic evaluation, etc. You should simulate and save each variant so that you can compare them and understand the impact of all the details you are adding to the simulation. Tips - Help In PVsyst, you can always get to the context Help by pressing F1. Sometimes you will also see little blue question mark buttons . Clicking on them will lead to more detailed information on the topic in the Help section. When PVsyst displays messages in red, you are advised to carefully read them! They may be either warnings or error messages, or they can be procedures that should be followed to get a correct result. Defining the Project In the project dashboard click on «New project» and define the project s name. Then click on “Site and Meteo”. You can either choose a site from the built-in database, which holds around 2,550 sites from Meteonorm, or you can define a new site that can be located anywhere on the globe. Please refer to the 8 tutorial “Meteorological Data management“ if you want to create or import a site other than those available in the database. The project’s site defines the coordinates (Latitude, Longitude, Altitude and Time zone), and contains monthly meteorological data. The simulation will be based on a Meteo file with hourly data. If a near meteo file exists in the vicinity (less than 20 km), it will be proposed. Otherwise PVsyst will create a synthetic hourly data set based on the monthly meteo values of your site. However, you can always choose another Meteo file in the database. A warning will be issued if it is too far from your site. NB: If you start by choosing a meteo file, you have the possibility of copying the site associated with this file to the Project s site. In the project dashboard you can click on the button “Project settings“ which will give you access to the common project parameters, namely the albedo values, the design conditions, design limitations and interface preferences. Usually you will never modify the albedo factor. The value of 0.2 is a standard adopted by most people. Nevertheless, if for example your site is located in the mountains, you can define in this table a higher albedo factor like 0.8 for the months with significant snow cover. The second tab in the project parameters dialog contains the “Design Conditions“ page. 9 This page defines sizing temperatures, which may be site-dependent. These are only used during the sizing of your system; they are not involved in the simulation. The “Lower temperature for Absolute Voltage Limit“ is an important site-dependent value, as it is related to the safety of your system (it determines the maximum array voltage in any conditions). Ideally, it should be the minimum temperature ever measured during daylight at this location. In Central Europe the common practice is to choose -10°C (lower in mountain climates). 3- Saving the Project When you are finished (i.e. you have gone to the Variant choices), you will be prompted to save the project. The dialog that comes up allows you to rename the project. We recommend that you use a simple filename, since it will be used as a label for all the Variants. 10 Creating the first (basic) variant for this project After having defined the site and the meteorological input of the project, you can proceed to create the first Variant. You will notice, that in the beginning there are 2 buttons marked in red: “Orientation” and “System”. The red color means that this variant of the project is not yet ready for the simulation, additional input is required. The basic parameters that have to be defined for any variant, and that we have not specified yet, are the orientation of the solar panels, the type and number of PV modules and the type and number of inverters that will be used. First, click on “Orientation“. You will get the orientation dialog where you have to supply values for the type of field for the solar installation and tilt and azimuth angles. 11 The solar panels in our example will be installed on a fixed tilted plane. From the project s drawing (page 5) we get the Plane Tilt and Azimuth angles (25° and 20° west respectively). The azimuth is defined as the angle between the South direction and the direction where the panels are facing. Angles to the west are counted positive, while angles to the east are counted negative. After setting the correct values for tilt and azimuth, you click on “OK“ and the “Orientation” button will turn green. Next click on “System“. Presizing Help From the system description, we remember that we have an available area of around 50 m². It is not mandatory to define a value here, but doing so will simplify our first approach as it will allow PVsyst to propose a suitable configuration. Select a PV module Choose a PV module in the database. Among “All modules“, select “Generic“ as manufacturer and select the 300 W model. In the bottom right part of the dialog PVsyst will display a hint for choosing the inverter: “Please choose the Inverter model, the total power should be 7 kW or more.“ Select the Inverter For the installation in our example we can choose a monophased inverter of around 7 kW. We choose the Generic 7.5 kW inverter, and PVsyst proposes a complete configuration for the system: 1 inverter, 2 strings, each with 15 modules connected in series. 12 Message colors in PVsyst In many of the PVsyst dialogs you will be prompted with messages that are meant to guide you through the different steps of the definition and execution of a simulation. The color of the text gives you a clue on how important the message is: • Messages in black are additional information or instructions on how to proceed. • Warnings in orange indicate design imperfections, but the system is still acceptable. • Errors in red mean serious mistakes, which will prevent the execution of the simulation. A similar color code is also valid for the buttons on the project s dashboard (in addition a greyed-out button means “has not been defined”). After the module type, the inverter and the design of the array have been defined, the blue panel in the bottom right part of the dialog should be either empty or orange. If you get a red error message, check all choices you made and correct them to the values described above (it may take a short moment for the message to adapt to the changes you make). We have now defined all mandatory elements that are needed for a first simulation. We will go through more details of this very important dialog later in this tutorial. For now, you can click on “OK“ to validate the choices. You will get a message box with the warning: “The inverter power is slightly undersized”. For the time being we will ignore it and just acknowledge with the OK button. 13 4- Executing the first simulation On the Project s dashboard, all buttons are now green (possibly orange) or Off. The “Run Simulation“ button is activated, and we can click on it. The simulation dates are those of the underlying meteo data file. Don t modify them (you cannot perform a simulation outside of the available meteo data). The preliminary definitions are additional features which may be defined for advanced purposes. We will skip them for now, and click right away on “Simulation”. 14 A progress bar will appear, indicating how much of the simulation is still to be performed. Upon completion, the “OK“ button will get active. When you click on it, you will get directly to the “Results“ dialog. Analyzing the results This dialog shows on the top a short summary of the simulation parameters that you should quickly check to make sure that you made no obvious mistake in the input parameters. To the right is a frame with six values that summarize at one glance the main results of the simulation. They only give a very coarse picture of the results and are there to quickly spot obvious mistakes or to get a first impression of a change or a comparison between variants of the project. In the bottom part of the dialog you will see several diagrams, which gives you already more detailed information about the general behavior of the system. The “Daily Input/Output diagram“ displays for every day that was simulated, the energy that was injected to the grid as a function of the global incident irradiation in the collector plane. For a well dimensioned grid-connected system, this should be roughly a straight line that slightly saturates for large irradiation values. This slight curvature is a temperature effect. If some points (days) deviate at high irradiances, this is an indication of overload conditions. For stand-alone systems, a plateau indicates overload (full battery) operation. The main information of the simulation results is gathered in the report. The other buttons give access to complementary tables and graphs for a deeper analysis of the simulation results. For now we will ignore them. When you click on you will get the complete report, which for this first simple 15 variant consists of only three pages (for simulations with more detail you can get up to 11 pages of report). In this report you will find: First page: All the parameters underlying this simulation: Geographic situation and Meteo data used, plane orientation, general information about shadings (horizon and near shadings), components used and array configuration, loss parameters, etc. Second page: A reminder of the main parameters, and the main results of the simulation, with a monthly table and graphs of normalized values. Third page: The PVsyst arrow loss diagram, showing an energy balance and all losses along the system. This is a powerful indicator of the quality of your system, and will immediately indicate the sizing errors, if they exist. Analyzing the report Second page: main results For our first system: three relevant quantities are now defined