数字经济与气候影响:对2030年IT行业能源消耗和碳足迹的全面预测-施耐德.pdf
Public 施耐德电气 ™ 全球 可持续发展研究 院 数字经济与气候影响 对 2030 年 IT 行业能源消耗和 碳足迹的全面预测 2 数字经济与气候影响 Public 全球可持续发展研究院 简介 如今能源和可持续发展领域的进步可谓前所未有,盛况空 前。但在新十年和风云变幻的新时代环境下,这种发展势 头将如何持续? 作为一家大型企业,我们有责任通过减少能源消耗和二氧 化碳排放做出积极贡献,在确保企业盈利的同时推动社会 进步。 施耐德电气制定了与联合国可持续发展目标一致的 2021- 2025 年施耐德 电气 可持续发展影响 指数 ( SSI) 计划,提 出了宏大的目标;我们的技术将在确保业务增长的同时, 让每个人都能获得能源,并为我们的地球开创一个无碳未 来。我们的气候承诺旨在最大限度减少客户和施耐德电气 公司的碳排放。对施耐德电气而言,这意味着到 2025 年 我们将实现 公司运营层面 碳中和,到 2030 年实现业务运 营的净零碳排放,到 2050 年实现整个供应链端到端净零 碳排放。 凭借开拓性技术和面向可持续发展的端到端解决方案,我 们始终在积蓄力量,争取厚积薄发。 施耐德电气全球可持续发展研究院 致力于剖析当前面临的 问题,并思考企业界应如何行动:我们力求深入了解当前 的趋 势以及如何才能与时俱进,顺势而动,同时预见未来 的变化。 在本白皮书中,我们从电力消耗角度探讨信息技术 ( IT) 兴 起带来的一些主要风险,并细致地预测了 2030 年的 IT 电力 消耗状况。 结论:虽然我们知道未来的数字经济将需要更多 能源 —— 一些观察家对此表示相当担忧 —— 但我们也发现, IT 技术的不断发展进步以及 IT 行业对清洁能源的快速采纳可 能会遏制其气候影响。 为实现数百家全球组织共同制定的可持续发展目标,我们需 要采取大胆的举措来减少排放,并以更可持续的方式运营。 请与我们一道学习这个白皮书系列,了解能源管理、数字创 新、气候行动、目标设定和信心以及新的融资机制领域的最 新趋势预测和洞见。 当下我们 应该 将可持续发展作为企业的当务之急,并即刻采 取行动,为未来铺路。 Oliver Blum 施耐德电气首席战略与 可持续发展官 Vincent Petit 施耐德电气战略远景与 对外事务高级副总裁 3 数字经济与气候影响 Public 目录 全球可持续发展研究院 简介 2 表格和图示列表 4 疫情期间的数字化转型 5 数字化加速电力消耗 6 方法论 ——数字化环境中的需求驱动因素 9 第 1 章 – 更多数据:数字化对计 算和数据存储的影响 10 工作负载和服务器 10 数据存储 10 电力需求 11 第 2 章 – 数据中心不断演变的格局:向云端转移,边缘的兴起 13 案例研究: Digital Realty 14 第 3 章 – 利用未来数据传输技术增进沟通 15 IP 流量 15 电力需求 15 第 4 章 – 拓宽互联互通世界的设备和传感器 16 IT 设备 16 物联网( IoT) 16 电力需求 16 第 5 章 – 设备制造行业能源展望 18 数字化背景下的电力需求和碳排放 19 电力需求增长,但对 IT 行业碳排放的影响有限 19 数字技术也有利于大幅降低其他行业的能源需求 20 关键要点 21 免责声明 22 附件 ——详细的假设和结果 23 参考文献 26 4 数字经济与气候影响 Public 表格和图示列表 i. 图 1 – IT 能源需求的演变 ( TWh) ii. 图 2 – IT 能源需求的演变 ( %) iii. 图 3 – 对 IT 电力需求和演变的全面分析 iv. 表 1 – 关于服务需求的主要假设 v. 表 2 – 关于效率的主要假设 vi. 表 3 – IT 行业的电力需求增长 vii. 表 4 – IT 行业在总电力需求中所占的份额 viii. 表 5 – IT 行业的碳排放 5 数字经济与气候影响 Public 疫情期间的 数字化转型 1 Cisco Excel Data: https://www.mdpi.com/2078-1547/6/1/117/s1 5. Andrae, Anders, Corcoran, Peter (2013). Emerging trends in electricity consumption for consumer ICT. https://aran.library.nuigalway.ie/handle/10379/3563 6. AT&T (2020). Investing in Renewable Energy. https://about.att.com/csr/home/environment/renewable- energy.html 7. BloombergNEF (2019). New Energy Outlook. https://about.bnef.com/new-energy-outlook/ 8. Broadband TV (2018). World Cup pushes global TV shipments to 221m in 2018. https://www.broadbandtvnews.com/2019/03/08/world-cup-pushes-global-tv-shipments-to-221m-in-2018/ 9. Cisco (2016). Cisco Global Cloud Index: Forecast and Methodology, 2016–2021 White Paper. https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/global-cloud-index-gci/white-paper-c11- 738085.html and https://www.cisco.com/c/dam/m/en_us/service- provider/ciscoknowledgenetwork/files/622_11_15-16-Cisco_GCI_CKN_2015- 2020_AMER_EMEAR_NOV2016.pdf 10. Cisco (2018). Cisco Visual Networking Index (2017-2022). https://www.cisco.com/c/dam/m/en_us/network- intelligence/service-provider/digital-transformation/knowledge-network-webinars/pdfs/1213-business-services- ckn.pdf 11. Cisco (2019). Cisco Visual Networking Index (VNI) Complete Forecast Update. https://www.cisco.com/c/dam/m/en_us/network-intelligence/service-provider/digital- transformation/knowledgenetwork-webinars/pdfs/190320-mobility-ckn.pdf 12. Cisco (2020). Cisco Annual Internet Report (2018–2023). https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/executive-perspectives/annual-internet-report/white-paper- c11-741490.html 13. Cisco & Dimensional Research (2020), The Rise of the Hybrid Workplace, A Global Survey of Executives, Employee Experience Experts, and Knowledge Workers. https://futureofwork.webex.com/the-rise-of-the- hybrid-workplace/ 14. Fraunhofer (2017). Energy Consumption of Consumer Electronics in US Homes 2017. https://www.energie.fraunhofer.de/en/press-media/press-release/press-releases- 2017/PI_171214_CSE_en.html 15. Gagliordi N. (2018). Sales of 2-in-1 devices to carry a sinking PC market in 2018: IDC. ZDNet: https://www.zdnet.com/article/sales-of-2-in-1-devices-to-carry-a-sinking-pc-market-in-2018-idc/ 16. Gartner (2019). Gartner Says Global Device Shipments Will Be Flat in 2019. https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2019-04-08-gartner-says-global-device-shipments-will- beflat-in- 17. GeSI (2020). Digital Solutions for Climate Action. Using ICT to raise ambitions on climate actions in low- and middle-income countries. https://www.gesi.org/research/digital-solutions-forsupporting-the-achievement-of- the-ndc 18. Google (2020). Announcing ‘round-the-clock clean energy for cloud. https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/inside-google-cloud/announcing-round-the-clock-clean-energy-for-cloud 19. Koomey J., Naffziger S. (2015). Moore s Law Might Be Slowing, But Not Energy Efficiency. IEEE Spectrum. https://spectrum.ieee.org/computing/hardware/moores-law-might-be-slowing-downbut-not-energy-efficiency 27 数字经济与气候影响 Public 20. Masanet E., Shebabi A., Lei N., Smith S., Koomey J. (2020). Recalibrating global data center energy-use estimates. Science Mag. https://science.sciencemag.org/content/367/6481/984 21. OECD/IEA (2017). Digitalization and Energy 2017. https://www.iea.org/digital/ 22. OECD/IEA, Electronic Devices & Networks Annex (2019). Total Energy Model for Connected Devices, EDNA. https://www.iea-4e.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/2019/06/A2b-EDNA_TEM_Report_V1.0.pdf 23. OECD/IEA, Electronic Devices & Networks Annex (2021). Total Energy Model for Connected Devices, Addendum Report. EDNA. https://www.iea-4e.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/2021/02/EDNA-TEM2.0- Report-V1.0-Final.pdf 24. OECD/IEA (2019). World Energy Outlook. https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energyoutlook-2019 25. OECD/IEA (2020), Data Centres and Data Transmission Networks. https://www.iea.org/reports/data-centres- and-data-transmission-networks 26. IDC & Seagate (2018). The Digitization of the World. From core to edge. https://www.seagate.com/files/www- content/our-story/trends/files/idc-seagate-dataage-whitepaper.pdf 27. IDC (2019). IDC s Worldwide Quarterly Mobile Phone Tracker. Available in Business Wire: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20171129005220/en/Phablets-to-Overtake-Regular-Smartphone- Shipments-by-2019-with-Phablets-Expected-to-Hit-1-Billion-Units-by-2021-According-to-IDC 28. International Telecommunications Union (2020). Greenhouse gas emissions trajectories for the information and communication technology sector compatible with the UNFCCC Paris Agreement. https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-L.1470-202001-I/en 29. Jacobson (2019). Reducing T&D Losses Allows Faster Retirement of Fossil. Stanford University. https://web.stanford.edu/group/efmh/jacobson/Articles/I/TransmisDistrib.pdf 30. Lanzisera S., Nordman B., Brown R. (2010). Data Network Equipment Energy Use and Savings Potential in Buildings. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. https://aceee.org/files/proceedings/2010/data/papers/2195.pdf 31. Mahmoud S.M., Mohamad A. (2016). A Study of Efficient Power Consumption Wireless Communication Techniques/Modules for Internet of Things (IoT) Applications. Al-Mansour University College, Baghdad, Iraq. https://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=65802 32. Microsoft (2020). Microsoft will be carbon negative by 2030. https://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2020/01/16/microsoft-will-be-carbon-negative-by-2030/ 33. Orange (2020). Orange’s commitment to the environment. https://www.orange.com/en/orangescommitment- environment 34. Reference (2020). How Many TVs Are There in the World? https://www.reference.com/world-view/many-tvs- world-9b0c2005f3b30c1c 35. Shehabi A., Smith S., Sartor D., Brown R., Herrlin M. (2016). United States Data Center Energy Usage Report. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1372902/ 36. SPEC (2008). Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation. SPECPower. https://www.spec.org/power_ssj2008/ 37. Statista/computing (2020). Computing device shipments forecast worldwide from 2013 to 2020, by segment type. https://www.statista.com/statistics/265878/global-shipments-of-pcs-tabletsultra-mobiles-mobile-phones/ 38. Statista/phones (2020). Number of smartphones sold to end users worldwide from 2007 to 2021. https://www.statista.com/statistics/263437/global-smartphone-sales-to-end-users-since-2007/ 39. Verizon (2020). Adopting an important new green energy goal. https://www.verizon.com/about/sites/default/files/corporate-responsibility- report/2018/environment/renewable.html 28 数字经济与气候影响 Public 关于作者 Vincent Petit 施耐德电气全球可持续发展研究院 院 长,战略 远景 与对外事务负责人 Steven Carlini 施耐德电气创新与数据中心副总裁 Victor Avelar 数据中心 科研中心总监 、高级研究分析师 施耐德电气 © 2021 施耐德电气保留所有权利。 998-21202519