6李丽-退役锂离子电池回收与资源化利用关键技术.pdf

退役锂离子电池回收与资源化技术 1E-mail: lily863@bit.edu.cn; wufeng863@bit.edu.cn李 丽 ， 吴 锋*北京理工大学Recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries: a review of current processes and technologies 第九届中国国际储能大会2019.4.24-26 杭州 中国 行业发展与研究背景锂离子电池回收与再生技术 北理工课题组电池回收最新进展总结与展望第九届中国国际储能大会 2019.4.24-26 3 第九届中国国际储能大会 2019.4.24-26 Categories Materials Properties Potential environmental pollutionCathode material LiCoO2/LiMn2O4/LiNiO2 /LiNiCoMnO2 Reacts with water, acids, reducing agents or strong oxidizing agents (hydrogen peroxide, chlorate, etc.) to produce harmful metal oxides. Heavy metal pollution raises the environmental pHAnode material Carbon material / graphite, lithium intercalation in case of fire or high temperature, dust can explode and react with strong acid and strong alkali to produce gases such as CO and CO2. The CO and solid dust particles produced by the combustion of the anode material contaminate the air.Electrolyte LiPF 6/LiBF4/LiAsF6 It is highly corrosive and can produce HF when exposed to water, and can be oxidized to produce toxic substances such as P2O5, Li2O, B2O3 Fluorine pollution changes the pH of the environment, and the toxic gas generated pollutes the air and stimulates the human body through the skin and breathing.Electrolyte solvent Ethylene carbonate / Propylene carbonate / Dimethyl carbonate The hydrolyzate produces aldehydes and acids, which can produce CO, CO2, etc. Organic matter such as aldehydes, ketones, and methanolSeparator PP/PE Combustion can produce CO, aldehyde, etc. Organic pollutionBinder PVDF、VDF、EPD It can react with fluorine, fuming sulfuric acid, strong alkali, alkali metal, and decompose by heat to produce HF. Thermal decomposition produces HF and fluorine pollution 退役锂离子电池安全处置将面临严重挑战 第九届中国国际储能大会 2019.4.24-26 我国政府部门高度重视动力蓄电池回收利用管理工作，从2 0 1 2年开始即制定了汽车动力蓄电池回收利用的相关政策，之后各相关部委陆续出台多项相关政策 5第九届中国国际储能大会 2019.4.24-26 6 第九届中国国际储能大会 2019.4.24-26 7第九届中国国际储能大会 2019.4.24-26 8第九届中国国际储能大会 2019.4.24-26 9第九届中国国际储能大会 2019.4.24-26 退役动力电池绿色回收技术与资源化再生 国际期刊论文 1 3 6篇国内外邀请报告 1 1 0次国家发明专利 2 3 项 11第九届中国国际储能大会 2019.4.24-26 12 13 Possible structures of the reaction productsDiagrammatic sketch of reaction mechanism第九届中国国际储能大会 2019.4.24-26 第九届中国国际储能大会 2019.4.24-26 第九届中国国际储能大会 2019.4.24-26 16第九届中国国际储能大会 2019.4.24-26 17第九届中国国际储能大会 2019.4.24-26 18 I.梯次利用— — How to reuse these remaining power for a power battery that also has 80% power.II.安全拆解— — Avoid safety accidents such as fire and explosion, and at the same time take into account automation efficiency issues.III.材料纯度— —Get good impurity removal effect by simple methodIV.二次污染— — Avoid toxic and harmful gases and waste liquids, etc.V.复杂材料— —The diversity of cathode materials makes recovery difficult, less recovery for the negative electrode and electrolyteVI.环境经济效应— —Effectively improve the economics and reflecting the environmental benefits of recycling processVII.回收效率— —No special recycling channels, resulting in low recovery of used lithium-ion batteries第九届中国国际储能大会 2019.4.24-26