澳大利亚建筑业向净零排放转型的国家指南（中英对照）.pdf

RACE TO NET ZERO CARBON A climate emergency guide for new and existing buildings in Australia 澳大利亚新建和现有建筑的气候应急指南 LOW CARBON 低碳 INSTITUTE 研究所 Acknowledgement of Country 国家确认 The authors of this 本文作者 guide acknowledge 向导，确认 the Bedegal people, Bedegal 人民 , the Traditional 传统的 Custodians of the Land 土地管理者 on which this research 这项研究 was conducted. 的研究。 We pay our respects 我们表示敬意 to Elders both past 向过去的长辈们致敬 and present and 还有现在 extend that respect 表示尊重 to all First Nations 所有第一民族 people of Australia. 澳大利亚人民。 3 Sub Section heading 分段航向 Acknowledgements 鸣谢 Authors Deo Prasad, Malay Dave, Aysu Kuru, Philip Oldfield, Lan Ding, Caroline Noller, Baojie He 作者 : Deo Prasad， Malay Dave， Aysu Kuru， Philip old field， Lan Ding， Caroline Noller， Baojie He Title Race to Net Zero Carbon: A Climate Emergency Guide for New and Existing Buildings in Australia v1b 标题竞争净零碳排放 : 澳大利亚新建和现有建筑的气候应 急指南 November 2021 (Updated July 2022) 2021年 11月 (2022年 7月更新 ) Cover The circle, signifying net zero, comprises both embodied carbon (in green) and operational carbon (in yellow), illustrating that both embodied and operational carbon must be considered in a building’s lifecycle. 表示净零的圆圈，包括内含碳 (绿色 )和操作碳 (黄色 ) ， 说明内含碳和操作碳在建筑的生命周期中都必须被考虑。 Guide design Jinga Design 导游设计金甲设计 This guide and its benchmarks and targets have been reviewed by industry advisors: Lester Partridge from 本指南及其基准和目标已经过行业顾问 Lester Partridge 的审查 LCI Consultants, Ian Dixon from GHD and Caroline Pidcock from PIDCOCK. This project also benefited from the data and comments provided by NABERS, Planning Institute of Australia, and Architects Declare Australia, and the review, support and guidance of the Australian Institute of Architects Climate Action and Sustainability Taskforce (CAST) Group. This was a collaborative project undertaken with CAST. LCI 顾问公司 GHD 的 Ian Dixon 和 PIDCOCK 的 Caroline PIDCOCK。该项目还受益于澳大 利亚国家建筑师协会、澳大 利亚规划研究所和澳大利亚建筑师宣言提供的数据和意见，以 及澳大利亚建筑师协会气候行动和可持续性工作组 (CAST)的 审查、支持和指导。这是一个与 CAST 合作的项目。 This revision (v1b) has benefited from the review and feedback received from GBCA, NABERS, DeltaQ, Strategy Policy Research, and the Australian Department of Industry, Science, Energy and Resources. 本修订版 (v1b)受益于来自 GBCA、 NABERS、 DeltaQ、 Strategy Policy Research 和澳大利亚工业、科学、能源和资 源部的审查和反馈。 This guide was funded and enabled by the CRC for Low Carbon Living in the post-CRC phase and published by the Low Carbon Institute Pty Ltd. The Low Carbon Institute takes custodial care of CRC for Low Carbon Living publications. Please contact Scientia Professor Deo Prasad AO for further information and approval for use of materials herein. 本指南由儿童 权利委员会资助，并由儿童权利委员会在后儿童权利委 员会阶段为低碳生活提供支持，由低碳研究所 Pty 有限公司出版。低 碳研究所负责保管 CRC 的低碳生活出版物。请与 Scientia 教授 Deo Prasad AO 联系，以获得更多信息并批准使用本文中的材料。 Copyright © Low Carbon Institute, 2021 版权所有低碳研究所， 2021年 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 本作品在知识共享署名 -noncommercial-sharealike 3.0下 获得许可 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, 未移植的许可证。要查看此许可证的副本 , visit www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 访问 www.creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 ISBN 978-0-7334-3997-1 ISBN 978-0-7334-3997-1 Citation PRASAD, D., DAVE, M., KURU, A., OLDFIELD, P., DING, L., NOLLER, C. 在适用情况下，部分基准及目标亦由 总楼面面积转为非住宅楼面面积 ; • Some of the figures and text updated for consistency, clarity, and to include recent developments. 一些数字和文字更新了一致性，清晰度， 并包括最近的发展。 STATEMENT OF LIMITATIONS 限制声明 The state of climate emergency relates to unprecedented environmental challenges at the interface of, and driven by, the dynamic interplay between primarily three areas: carbon emissions, biodiversity loss, and consumption impacts. 气候紧急状态与空前的环境挑战有关， 这些挑战是在碳排放、生物多样性丧失 和消费影响这三个主要领域之间的动态 相互作用的界面和驱动下产生的。 The scope of this guide, however, is limited to carbon emissions from the built environment sector. Similarly, the built environment sector directly or indirectly interacts with the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that define the key challenges the global community needs to address for achieving a more sustainable future for all.4 Therefore, it is important to balance the role of the built environment across multiple priorities beyond just climate change or carbon. However, considering the scope of this guide is aimed at addressing the climate emergency, the primary focus of this guide remains on energy use and carbon emissions reductions. 然而，本指南的范围仅限于建筑环境 部门 的碳排放。同样，建筑环境部门直接或间 接地与联合国的可持续发展目标相互作用， 可持续发展目标确定了全球社会为实现人 人享有更可持续的未来所需应对的关键挑 战。然而，考虑到本指南的范围旨在应对 气候紧急情况，本指南的主要重点仍然是 能源使用和减少碳排放。 The benchmarks and targets established in this guide are based on underlying methodological assumptions and the availability of data at the time of writing. Therefore, it is expected that these benchmarks and targets will be reviewed every three years, as new data and methods emerge. Any suggestions of data, methods or feedback for any future editions of this guide are welcome. 本指南中确定的 基准和目标是基于编写本 报告时所依据的方法假设和数据的可得性。 因此，随着新的数据和方法的出现，预计 这些基准和目标将每三年进行一次审查。 欢迎对本指南未来版本的数据、方法或反 馈提出任何建议。 The targets set in this guide are minimum performance targets. They should not be used as the norm nor as maximum performance targets. As repeatedly emphasised in this guide, it is not enough to just meet these targets; they are only interim milestones on the pathway to net zero carbon across the entire built environment. 本指南中设定的目标是最低性能目标。 它们不应该被用作标准，也不应该用作 最高绩效目标。正如本指南反复强调的 那样，仅仅达到这些目标是不够的，它 们只是整个建筑环境实现净零碳排放道 路上的一个临时 里程碑。 In many cases clients and design teams will have the desire and capacity to reduce carbon emissions (embodied and operational) well beyond the targets presented in this guide, which should be encouraged. Every GHG emission saving is vital as soon as possible. 在许多情况下，客户和设计团队将有意愿 和能力减少碳排放量 (体现和操作 ) ，远远 超出本指南提出的目标，这应该得到鼓励。 每一个温室气体减排都是至关重要的。 11 Race to net zero carbon 努力实现零碳排放 1 12 12 CLIMATE 气候 EMERGENCY: 紧急情况 : WHY THE URGENCY? 为什么这么 紧急？ 13 13 1.1 Global warming trends 1.1全球变暖趋势 Climate emergency: 气候紧急事件 : A situation in which urgent action is required to reduce or halt climate change and avoid potentially irreversible environmental damage resulting from it.5 需要采取紧急行动以减少或阻止气候变化， 并避免由此造成的可能不可逆转的环境损害 的情况 Oxford Dictionaries announced ‘climate emergency’ as the Oxford word of the year 2019. 牛津词典将 “气候紧急情况 ”列为 2019年度牛津词汇。 The science of climate change is clear and robust, and the evidence of its impact is observed globally. Global temperature trends in recent years have shown unprecedented warming across almost all regions of the planet. The last seven years have been the hottest years on record, while 2020 (tied with 2016) was the hottest year on record for the planet6,7. 关于气候变化的科学是清晰而有力的， 它的影响的证据在全球范围内被观察到。 近年来的全球气温趋势显示，几乎全球 所有地区都出现了前所未有的变暖。过 去七年是有记录以来最热的一年，而 2020年 (与 2016年并列 )是地球有记录 以来最热的一年。 Australia is identified as one of the most vulnerable developed nations to climate change. There is increasing evidence of climate change interacting with underlying natural variability and resulting in substantial increases in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events9. 澳大利亚被认为是最易受气候变化影响 的发达国家之一。越来越多的证据表明， 气候变化与潜在的自然变化相互作用， 导致极端天气事件的频率和强度显著增 加 9。 Australia’s Nationally Determined Contributions under the Paris Agreement, however, are insufficient and inconsistent with the goal of limiting warming well below 2°C. 然而，澳大利亚在《巴黎协定》下的 国家决定性贡献是不够的，也不符合 将全球变暖幅度控制在 2摄氏度以下 的目标。 In fact, Australian and international governments’ current policies as of November 2021, even if successfully implemented, would likely contribute to global warming of about 2.7°C10. 事实上，澳大利亚和国际政府目前的 政策截至 2021年 11月，即使成功实 施，也可能导致全球变暖约 2.7摄氏 度。 This would have grave consequences for our entire ecosystems, food production, cities and towns, and health and wellbeing. Reaching net zero emissions by 2050 is now an absolutely minimum requirement if we are to avoid the worst impacts of climate change11. 这将对我们的整个生态系统、粮食生产、 城镇以及健康和福祉造成严重后果。如果 我们要避免气候变化的最坏影响，到 2050年达到净零排放量是绝对最低的要 求 。 The latest IPCC Sixth Assessment Report, termed ‘a code red for humanity’, provides the underpinning evidence, which validates our reason for producing this guide 政府间气候变化专门委员会最 新的第六次评估报告，称为 ” 人类的红色代码 ”，提供了基 础证据，证实了我们编写本指 南的理由 diox ide - equi val ent s 二氧化碳 当量 car bo n 碳 Note: Each pathway comes 注意 : 每条路径 of 的资 料 with uncertainty, marked by 具有不确定性，以 the shading from low to high A n n u a l g l o b a l g r e e n h o u s e g a s e m i s s i o n i n g i g a t o n n e s 年 度 全 球 温 室 气 体 排 放 量 从低到高的阴影 emissions under each senario 每种情况下的排放量 Current emission trends have 目前的排放趋势 the potential to contribute to 对 . . 做出贡献的潜力 No climate policies global warming beyond 4°C 没有气候政策，全球变暖超过 4摄氏度 4.1-4.8°C 摄氏 4.1至4.8度 by the end of the century. 到本世纪末。 Expected emissions in a 预期排放量 To limit warming to 1.5°C, the 为了将全球变暖限制在 1.5摄氏度 以内 , baseline senario if 基线设想如果 aspirational goal under UN’s 联合国的理想目 标 countries had not 其他国家则 没有 Paris Climate Agreement, 巴黎气候协定 , implemented climate 实施的气候 变化 requires a substantial and 需要大量的 reduction policies 减税政策 urgent reduction in carbon 紧急减少碳排放 emissions. 废气排放。 Current policies 2.5-2.9°C 现行政策 2.5-2.9 ° c Emissions by 2100 with current 2100年的排放量 climate policies in place 气候政策到位 Pledges & targets 2.1°C 承诺及目标 2.1 °c Emissions by 2100 if all countries 如果所有国家 delivered on reduction pledges 履行减少开支的承诺 2°C pathways 2 ° c 途径 1.5°C pathways 1.5 ° c 途径 Figure 1: Global greenhouse gas emissions and warming scenarios 图 1: 全球温室气体排放和变暖情景 Source: Our World in Data8 Source: Our World in data8资料来源 : 我们的数据世界 “No developed country has more to lose from climate change-fuelled extreme weather, or more to gain as the world transforms to a zero carbon economy, than Australia does.” “在气候变化导致的极端天气 中，没有哪个发达国家比澳 大利亚更容易遭受损失，也 没有哪个发达国家比澳大利 亚更容易在世界向零碳经济 转型的过程中受益。 ” – Climate Council12 - 气候议会 12 Climate emergency: why the urgency? 14 气候紧急情况 : 为什么这么紧急 1.2 Building sector’s carbon contribution 1.2建筑业的碳排放量 GLOBALLY 全球 The building sector plays a critical role in preventing global warming beyond 1.5°C as buildings and construction are responsible for 38% of global energy-related greenhouse gas emissions13. As illustrated in Figure 2, this includes 18% from building operations (scope 1 and 2), 0.5% from the construction process, and at least 20% from materials production (industry). A percentage of Other and Transport emissions is related to the intermediate supply chain 建筑部门在防止全球升温超过 1.5摄氏 度方面发挥着关键作用，因为建筑和建 筑业造成了全球与能源有关的温室气体 排放量的 38% 13。如图 2所示，其中 18% 来自建筑作业 (范围 1 和 2) ， 0.5% 来自建筑过程，至少 20% 来自材料生 产 (工业 )。 “其他 ”和 “运输 ”排放的一个百 分 比与中间供应链有关 6% 6% Other 其他 3% 3% Waste 废物 12% 12% Agriculture 农业 4% 4% Land use change 土地用途变更 & forestry & 林业 23% 23% Transport 运输 11% 11% Residential 住宅区 18% 18% 7% 7% Commercial 广告 Building 建筑 operatio ns 营运 8% 8% Iron & steel 钢铁 30% 30% 7% 少于 7% Indus try 行业 Cement and other 水泥及其他 non-metallic minerals 非金属矿物 6% 6% Chemical and petrochemical Chemical and petrochemical 化工 和石油化工 1% Non-ferrous metals (aluminum, etc.) 1% 有色金属 (铝等 ) 8% 8% 0.5% Construction 0.5% 建造工程 0.5% Wood and wood products 0.5% 木材及木制品 Other industr y 其他行 业 transport of materials. 材料运输。 The built environment sector is low hanging fruit for urgent and effective action. While the global community is aiming for net zero by 2050, the building and construction sector has much greater potential and opportunity to deliver quick, deep, and cost-effective greenhouse gas mitigation as compared to many other sectors. With currently available technologies, it is a realistic goal to achieve a substantial emissions reduction by 2030. By tackling the building sector we can make a significant contribution towards the reduction in the overall emissions. 建筑环境部门是采取紧急和有效行动 的低悬果实。虽然国际社会的目标是到 2050 年实现净零排放，但与许多其他部门相比，建筑和建筑部门在提供快速、深入和 具有成本效益的温室气体减排方面具有更大的潜力和机会。根据目前可用的技术， 到 2030年实现大幅减排是一个现实的目标。通过解决建筑部门的问题，我们可 以为减少总体排放量做出重大贡献。 Figure 2: Global GHG emissions and the life cycle of buildings 图 2: 全球温室气体排放和建筑物的生命周期 Source: AIA-CLF13 来源 : AIA-CLF13 IN AUSTRALIA 在澳大利亚 The building sector in Australia is responsible for one fifth of all emissions.14 As such, delivering net zero carbon buildings is of great importance for tackling the climate emergency in Australia. The significance of this is more prominent as Australia’s building stock is estimated to double by 2050 based on the 2019 level15. 澳大利亚建筑业的排放量占全部排放量的 五分之一。 14因此，建造净零碳排放的 建筑物对于解决澳大利亚的气候突发事件 具有重要意义。这一点的重要性更加突出， 因为根据 2019年的水平，到 2050年， 澳大利亚的建筑存量预计将翻一番。 20% 21% 20% 21% Transport Buildings 运输大楼 12% 12% Agriculture 农业 & land 土地 47% 47% Industry 行业 Figure 3: Australia’s emissions by sector, 2018 图 3:2018年澳大利亚按部门分列的排放量 Source: ClimateWorks Australia14 来源 : ClimateWorks australia 14 15 Climate emergency: why the urgency? 气候紧急情况 : 为什么这么紧急？