可持续航空燃料大挑战路线图（英）-美国能源部、交通部&农业部.pdf

SAF Grand Challenge Roadmap Flight Plan for Sustainable Aviation Fuel Prepared by the U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. Department of Transportation, and U.S. Department of Agriculture, in collaboration with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.SAF Grand Challenge Roadmap ii Disclaimer This work was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors or their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or any third party’s use or the results of such use of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof or its contractors or subcontractors. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof, its contractors or subcontractors. SAF Grand Challenge Roadmap iii Acknowledgements This roadmap is the result of a memorandum of understanding among the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Department of Energy, and Department of Transportation. Extensive inputs were obtained from four workshops and discussions with federal government agencies, national laboratories, academia, nongovernmental organizations, and industry stakeholders. The Biomass Research and Development Board’s Sustainable Aviation Fuel Interagency Working Group provided valuable insights to the roadmap. The Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative provided additional opportunity for stakeholder outreach and feedback. Development and drafting of the roadmap was led by an interagency team including: William Goldner, U.S. Department of Agriculture Justin Bredlau, U.S. Department of Agriculture Nathan Brown, U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration Zia Haq, U.S. Department of Energy Craig Brown, National Renewable Energy Laboratory With key contributions on regulatory policy by Diana Galperin, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Major writing and editing contributions were provided by: Kevin Craig, U.S. Department of Energy Steve Csonka, Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative Jay Fitzgerald, U.S. Department of Energy James Hileman, U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration Beau Hoffman, U.S. Department of Energy Kristin Lewis, U.S. Department of Transportation, Volpe Transportation Systems Center Anna Oldani, U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration Valerie Reed, U.S. Department of Energy Ian Rowe, U.S. Department of Energy Mark Rumizen, U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration Mark Shmorhun, U.S. Department of Energy James Spaeth, U.S. Department of Energy Ryan Steinbach, U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Aviation and International Affairs Art Wiselogel, U.S. Department of Energy Michael Wolcott, ASCENT/Washington State University. Key support, review, and comment was received from representatives of the following organizations: Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative SAF Grand Challenge Roadmap iv U.S. Department of Agriculture • National Institute of Food and Agriculture • Agricultural Research Service • Economic Research Service • Natural Resources Conservation Service • Rural Development • Office of the Chief Economist, Office of Environmental and Energy Policy • Office of the Under Secretary for Research, Education, and Economics/Office of the Chief Scientist U.S. Department of Defense • Defense Logistics Agency–Energy • U.S. Air Force • Office of the Secretary of Defense U.S. Department of Energy • Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy • Bioenergy Technologies Office • Loan Programs Office • Vehicle Technologies Office U.S. Department of Transportation • Office of the Secretary of Transportation • Office of the Assistant Secretary for Aviation and International Affairs • Federal Aviation Administration • Office of Policy, International Affairs, and Environment • Volpe Transportation Systems Center U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Office of Transportation and Air Quality NASA: Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate Idaho National Laboratory National Renewable Energy Laboratory Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Argonne National Laboratory Sandia National Laboratories Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Critical administrative support and event coordination was provided by: Richard Coaxum, The Building People Brian Cooper, The Building People Melissa Ladd, BCS Seth Menter, BCS Stacey Young, The Building People. SAF Grand Challenge Roadmap v Special thanks to Kathy Cisar, Michael Deneen, and Elizabeth Stone at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for crucial editorial review, graphics support, document formatting and layout support. SAF Grand Challenge Roadmap vi List of Acronyms ASCENT Center of Excellence for Alternative Jet Fuels and Environment ATJ alcohol-to-jet CAAFI Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative CI carbon intensity CO2 carbon dioxide CORSIA Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation DOE U.S. Department of Energy DOT U.S. Department of Transportation EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FAA Federal Aviation Administration FOG fats, oils, and greases GHG greenhouse gas HEFA hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization LCFS Low Carbon Fuel Standard MSW municipal solid waste NGO nongovernmental organization OEM original equipment manufacturer RD and a grant program of $290 million over four years to carry out projects that produce, transport, blend, or store SAF, or develop, demonstrate, or apply low-emission aviation technologies. To be eligible, the SAF must achieve, in general, at least a 50% improvement in GHG emissions performance on a life cycle basis as compared with conventional jet fuel. The tax credit—which starts at $1.25/gallon of neat SAF—increases with every percentage point of improvement in life cycle emissions performance up to $1.75/gallon.