分布式发电及其并网技术综述
» 32 » 15 ù È © / Vol. 32 No. 15 2008 M 8 Power System Technology Aug. 2008 ÓcI| 1000-3673 2008 15-0071-06 Ïms Ë| TN72 ÓDS M A Ð S} 470·40 s T?È# i©/ 8 ¿ñ opµ iÛ i ¿¿ µ 2vÐ È ÐýñÐýµ 2 8 É ì g 410082 A Survey on Distributed Generation and Its Networking Technology LIU Yang-hua WU Zheng-qiu TU You-qing HUANG Qing-yun LUO Hua-wei College of Electrical and Information Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 Hunan Province China ABSTRACT: In this paper the history and present situation of the application of distributed generation resources (DGRs) and its networking technology are summarized in brief; the features of main DGRs, their latest development and application situation are presented. The main research achievements of existing networking technology for distributed generation (DG), as well as the connection technology for networking of DG, the system planning, design and optimization of power system containing DGRs, the analysis, operation control, island detection, emergency control and relay protection of power system containing DGRs and so on are emphatically introduced. Besides, in order to provide reference for the application of DG technology in power system, the development trend of DGRs and their networking are pointed out. KEY WORDS: power system distributed generation resources (DGRs) distributed generation (DG) distribution network networking technology K1 e1À s TÈ÷#i©/ ¨¥ å NÐC º ö1s TÈ÷¥+Ä# K?ZШ f ×ĺ Xµ¥s T?Èi©/ ¥ö1ùîî T s T?Èi©¥¤ g/ cs TÈ÷¥“d?à a !9#ªÄ cs TÈ÷¥“dsÐ eÅ _ © aÅ$ eÅÐ?È ¹© b] H· s TÈ÷#i© / ùî¥?Z t ]Ðà Z_¹s T?È/ È ï “dÏ¥¿© s T?È# i©/ 8 Vol. 32 No. 15 V ¥ DGRsµ¨¼Å$!¨¥l¸²?È a* ù ¿¥1!ÈÌl £È© [3] y/ ?µ ar q® aYÌ ïv$ |} b Û“ S/¥?Z a !! ?¥4Ú aÌ i M ¥É a ?÷¦¥ aÈ ï gÆÏ?ȧ 7b s T?È µ[/+Ä ¨ Õ V 3 ?÷? È 7 ¥?È ?÷ Tϳ ?÷² [ b± 9}.dÄ F h xã a CO 2 a SO 2 al £ al?©¥ b ü¹ ?}9ù Ö {Èh {MÈL ^ !!¥g Æ»¹n¨ [#L ^ a !!©Á 3¥ÈH. 2ê bV “ - ¥ t ] As T?ÈÎ|Ô“ “Ä a« ? a Ì ¥Z_?Z [5] b 1.2 DGRs¥¨ “ - W¸ DGRsö1µ¨A8 8T ¥ = a± } aòÕýñ¨¥ È ý V 3 ?÷?È [4] b Ï þ ? a ï?È a Ö ?© 3 ?÷M.d¥Ä F ?÷ µ¹× s Û ? MÄ Û©+ÄL LC“Ï ? 7¨s T?È T V LC ?÷ ÷¥¹×º ªÄ ¥Â b 1± } b± } = ^ “ -Kî aK ¿© s T?È# i©/ 8 Vol. 32 No. 15 |M¥Ø en @À“d#ph“ª ë¯i© b _©ZEvÁ Vs¹öî_©$î_© 2 Ë b$î_©µV / 4Èâ a Ô q_© aÈâ~o_ ©©ªªi _© © u [44-46] b $î_©¥$ F ¦¹ î ÉB?Z¹öî_©E  {ÿ qMÄ© E aíÿÊZE [45] aÈâ - Q î_©E [46] © ÙïvE ç _© © u ¯i ñ Ä {ÿ qMÄ© E®¿ V 3 ?÷s T ?È {ÿ q È ý s;v Ê4µA1F Z_ íq bÓD [52]· Q]_© HWÐ 1î× HWW¥ ± bÓD [53]4 æ¨Y L ^Ð ¹ ¥Â¥ ñ½ LCùñ* e¥ ¹ ¥?È ¹Zà bÓD [54]4 æ¨È F ÚE F´¥+KÅs TÈ÷4¥ ^ È @µr³ % s TÈ÷Ð ¹W¥xØ Ù5 b1 PXµ¥?È ¹“dµr ¹s TÈ ÷v i©¥ ¥È“dε¸ Ü6/ Z ë¥ Ù5³1³ % b 6 s T?È# i©/ ¥?ZZ_ Ðs T?È# i©/ M1¥ùîε “dÈ ?É s [55] a/ ßN·S8 ßN [56] as TÈ÷ ÛÈ©È¥ Ds [57] [# gÆÜ6¡4^ { [58-59] © b Ó ª¹1?è VûÃ?ZÈ ï ?÷s T ?È¥ ó©rmà s T?È# i©/ ³ [/Z ëF o¦ bì 10kWíMâ ;i©?È IM ¥ !9Ð L C [J]ÏSy !î ÿ ; ?÷ 2005 (4) 42-45 Liu Bo Wang Shicheng Development and test of a 10 kW transformerless 3 phases grid-tied photovoltaic inverter[J] Trends of construction in China: Photovoltaic Energy Resources 2005 (4) 42-45(in Chinese) [13] ¦½ ë oÛ IMs TÈ÷ eÅ“d¥ !9 [J]È ï“d1îÄ 2004 28(24) 61-66,70 Wang Zhiqun Zhu Shouzhen Zhou Shuangxi Controller design for interface based distributed generation[J] Automation of Electric Power Systems 2004 28(24) 61-66,70(in Chinese) [14] {I_ ¢ i¼© SPWM IMÈ÷¥íº ó|Li ó eÅ/ [J]ÏSÈýñÐ 2003 23(12) 94-98 Jiang Guibin Pei Yunqing Yang Xu et al Parallel operation of sinusoid wave inverters without control interconnections [J] Proceedings of the CSEE 2003 23(12) 94-98(in Chinese) [15] Li Jian Kang Yong Chen Jian A hybrid fuzzy-repetitive control scheme for 400Hz CVCF inverters[J] Proceedings of the CSEE 2005 25(9) 54-61 [16] Ô ;k ¾© 400Hz Ï ÔMÈâ÷ IM ¥ { eÅ# i ó eÅ [J]ÏSÈýñÐ 200626(6) 78-82 Xie Meng Cai Kun Sheng Xiaosong et al Output control and parallel operation control of 400Hz single-phase voltage-source inverter[J]Proceedings of the CSEE200626(6) 78-82(in Chinese) [17] Sadeghzadeh S M Ansarian M Distributed generation and renewable planning with a linear programming model[C]First International Power and Energy Conference PECon 2006 Putrajaya Malaysia 2006 [18] Carpinelli G Celli G Pilo F et al Distributed generation siting and sizing under uncertainty[C] 2001 IEEE Porto Power Tech Conference Porto Portugal 2001 [19] c ·VZ Ý©s TÈ÷ ¥È©VÈâ¥Y [J]È ï“d1îÄ 2007 31(12) 50-54,85 Zhang Duxi Xu Xianghai Yang Li et al The impact of distributed generators on distribution network over-voltage[J] Automation of Electric Power Systems 2007 31(12) 50-54,85(in Chinese) [20] Haig S J Tumilty R M Burt G M et al Analyzing the technology needs of future distribution networks[C] Proceedings of the 41st International Universities Power Engineering ConferenceNewcastle UK 2006 [21] ±Âñ 1U© I nÈâØÿ ¥ ñs TÈ÷ Æÿ q9 Ø [J]ÏSÈýñÐ 2006 26(19) 13-17 Hu Hua Wu Shan Xia Xiang et al Computing the maximum penetration level of multiple distributed generators in distribution network taking into account voltage regulation constraints [J] Proceedings of the CSEE 2006 26(19) 13-17(in Chinese) [22] Silvestri A Berizzi A Buonanno S Distributed generation planning using genetic algorithms[C] International Conference on Electric Power Engineering Budapest Hungary 1999 [23] Nara K Hayashi Y Ikeda K et al Application of tabu search to optimal placement of distributed generators[C] IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter MeetingColumbusOhioUSA2001 [24] Hamedani G M E Arefifar S A Distributed generation,reactive sources and network-configuration planning for power and energy- loss reduction[J] IEE Proceedings of Generation, Transmission and Distribution 2006 153(2) 127-136 [25] ~ 2y ´Å£ q ¨!;V ,s T?È# È ï“ds¥ Y [J]¿È ï/ 2004 (10) 18-20,23 Liu ZhengyiTan ShuntaoZeng XangjunDistributed generation and its impact on power system analysis[J] North China Electric Power 2004 (10) 18-20,23(in Chinese) [30] Lasseter R Dynamic models for micro-turbines and fuel cells [C] Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting Canada 2001 [31] Naka S Genji T Fukuyama Y Practical equipment models for fast distribution power flow considering interconnection of distributed generators[C] IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting Vancouver Canada 2001 [32] Liu Zhengyi Zeng Xiangjun Tan Shuntao et al A novel scheme of stability control for distributed generation systems[C] 2004 International Conference on Power System Technology Singapore 2004 [33] El-Khattam W Hegazy Y G Salama M M A Stochastic power flow analysis of electrical distributed generation systems[C] IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting 2003TorontoCanada2003 76 ¿© s T?È# i©/ 8 Vol. 32 No. 15 [34] f£;f ì0ç §©v ¸ ÈÆÈ ï“dlÄ ×çE D+¥Y [J]È©/ 2007 31(13) 75-80 Zhang HongguangZhang liziChen Shuyonget alInfluence of large scale wind farms on power system small signal stability and damping characteristic[J] Power System Technology 2007 31(13) 75-80(in Chinese) [35] 1¡ uZUþ¥ a©È ï“di©ÈFõ s® Èâ ? 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