全球碳捕集与封存先进技术汇编2023（英语版）--Global CCS Insitiute.pdf

HUGH BARLOW Consultant CCS Technology SHAHRZAD S M SHAHI Consultant CCS Technology MATTHEW LOUGHREY Principal Consultant CCS Technology TECHNICAL REPORT STATE OF THE ART: CCS TECHNOLOGIES 2023STATE OF THE ART: CCS TECHNOLOGIES 2023 2 BACK TO TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENTS FOREWORD 4 CAPTURE 6 AIR LIQUIDE#1 8 AKER CARBON CAPTURE 18 B wherein all equipment in Port Jerome will be purely upscaled to larger scale CCS projects. After 8 years of operation, the Port Jerome site demonstrated: • Proven robustness of design - no aging of key components over time • Very high reliability: No H 2 production interruption, CO 2 availability 99% • Performances confirmed and stable over time • Improvement thanks to continuous capitalization from operation to design Port Jerome is one of the 4 sites in Europe able to produce Hydrogen certified low carbon, and has been integrated as a pilot site for the project CertifHy, the first Guarantee of Origin (GO) platform for Green and Low-Carbon Hydrogen. All Cryocap™ products benefit from 8 years of return of operational experience gained in Port Jerome. Air Liquide has always been committed to innovation by improving its vast portfolio of patented technologies and customized solutions to meet and exceed customer expectations in terms of efficiency, safety, reliability and competitiveness to achieve energy transition goals. As a top technology provider with a longstanding experience in Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC), we cover the entire project life-cycle: license engineering services / proprietary equipment, high-end engineering & design capabilities, project management & execution services. In addition, we also offer efficient customer services through our worldwide set-up. SUMMARY BENEFITS The entire Cryocap™ suite was designed to address the challenges experienced from traditional capture solutions. Our customers value the following Cryocap™ features: • Minimizes overall carbon footprint: the technologies are electrically-driven (negligible steam) which maximize the CO 2 avoided by reduced indirect CO 2 emissions, with high CO 2 recovery (92 - 99%), and can be paired with renewable or low-carbon power supply • High intrinsic process efficiency: the technology bricks are used in their optimum range • Safety and no toxicity: solvent-free, and no toxic or flammable gases used • Match the end specifications and high CO 2 product purity: all Cryocap™ produce either high pressure gaseous or liquid CO 2 at marginal extra cost and can meet the most stringent CO 2 specifications (99.9%v) • Favor synergies and optimize space: 1-step capture and liquefaction for any stream containing 15% CO 2 (dry basis), very compact solutions with flexible layout configuration and simplified infrastructure compared to steam-based solutions • Improve productivity: for some applications (H 2 and steel), installing our product improves the efficiency of the original process or enable the co-production of valuable molecules (e.g. Cryocap™ H 2 increase H 2 production up to 20%) CRYOCAP TMW (H 2 , FG, OXY, STEEL, NG) Air Liquide has been designing gas separation technologies for more than 100 years, and has leveraged its industrial demonstration units on power plants, steel blast furnaces, and H 2 production plants to develop the Cryocap™ product line. Cryocap™ is an award-winning proprietary technological innovation for CO 2 capture that is unique in the world, using a cryogenic process (involving low temperatures to separate gases). Cryocap™ can be adapted to specific applications combining a variety of Air Liquide technologies. Customers can reduce their CO₂ emissions by up to 99% and have the possibility to valorize other molecules contained in the feed gas (e.g. CO, H 2 , etc). Cryocap™ is a robust and pioneering technology available to service customers looking to reduce the carbon footprint of their production facilities. To date, Cryocap™ is the only full-scale cryogenic capture technology with an industrial reference in operation in the world. Driven by innovation and the need to decarbonize carbon intensive processes, Cryocap™ reference examples date back to 2005 and the product line has since then been selected for multiple engineering studies, pre- Front End Engineering & Design (pre-FEED), FEED, and implementation across four continents for a diverse set of industries. To further showcase its innovative and efficient design in CO 2 capture, Cryocap™ has resulted in several patent filings. It has also consistently been recognized by US and EU experts through several grant awards by EU Innovation Fund and US Department of Energy (DOE) in 2021 and 2022. Our portfolio of cryogenic technologies includes: • Cryocap™ H2 for hydrogen production: Steam Methane Reformer (SMR), AutoThermal Reforming (ATR), or Partial Oxidation (POX) • Cryocap™ FG for flue gases (optimal: 15% CO 2 dry basis) • Cryocap™ Oxy for oxy combustion • Cryocap™ Steel for steel production • Cryocap™ NG for acid natural gas fields • Cryocap™ XLL for large scale liquefaction (in a separate section) CONTACT Email: cryocap@airliquide.com Web: www.airliquide.com AIR LIQUIDE DESCRIPTION CRYOCAP™ H 2 Based on its extensive experience in hydrogen production units, Air Liquide has developed a technology capable of capturing the CO 2 emitted during hydrogen production (by SMR or ATR or POX). This proprietary technology is the subject of several patents and allows customers to make significant cost reductions. STATE OF THE ART: CCS TECHNOLOGIES 2023 10 BACK TO TABLE OF CONTENTS On top of capturing and liquefying the CO 2 in one step, it is the only technology that can reduce CO 2 emissions during the production process while boosting hydrogen production by 13 to 20%. It has the lowest cost on the market for CO 2 capture in hydrogen production units (especially compared to activated MDEA), and can be adapted to existing and future hydrogen production units. The technology uses cryogenic purification to separate the CO 2 from Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) offgas, containing typically 40-50%v CO 2 . The PSA offgas is compressed, dried and sent to a cryogenic unit, where the CO₂ is separated from the other components by a combination of partial condensation and distillation. A pure and pressurized CO₂ flow is produced from the cold process. The non-condensed gases are recycled through a membrane system to recover H₂ and CO₂. Residual gas is sent to the burners of the H₂ production plant. The CO₂ product is compressed up to supercritical pressure or liquefied and stored in liquid storage. Liquid CO₂ can also be directly withdrawn from the cold process at marginal costs. The CO₂ can be then liquefied and purified to meet CO₂ specifications of local industrial markets (agri-food, water treatment, etc.) or transport systems for sequestration. Cryocap™ H₂ can be installed for greenfield and brownfield H₂ plants. Key Figures: • Capacity: from 300 - 10,000 tpd • Hydrogen production: increase of 13 - 20% • Avoided CO 2 cost reduction: up to 40% compared to MDEA • OPEX + CAPEX: 30-50 €/tCO₂ captured • Gaseous or liquid CO 2 • More than 99% of CO₂ and H₂ recovery from syngas Main Applications: • H₂ production (SMR or ATR), POx, any syngas with 15% CO 2 Reference / Project Examples: • 2012 - Industrial CCU EPC for 300 tpd in France • 2019 - Industrial CCS pre-FEED in EU (Air Liquide SMR) • 2020 - Industrial CCS FEED in Belgium (Air Liquide SMR) • 2021 - Award by Dutch SDE++ for Porthos project and by EU Innovation fund for Kairos@C project (both Air Liquide SMR) • 2022 - Selection by US DOE for FEED in USA (Air Liquide SMR) • 2022 - Industrial CCU EPC project in Grandpuits, France (with TotalEnergies) CRYOCAP™ FG Air Liquide developed a dedicated capture technology in order to address low-hanging fruits of the high- concentrated sources: industrial flue gases. Many high CO 2 -emitting industries have concentrated sources of CO 2 emissions above 15%, such as hydrogen production with SMR, cement and lime production, blast furnaces in hot metal production, and FCC in refineries. These high- concentrated sources are estimated to represent around 50% of the global industrial direct emissions. Additionally, Cryocap™ FG can also significantly abate NOx emissions from flue gas and to deliver the on-spec liquid CO 2 product at its battery limits, thereby reducing the number of process units and interfaces, and increasing the level of overall optimization and reliability. Cryocap™ FG is a separation process based on the combination of adsorption and cryogenic separation. The flue gas is first compressed, dried and sent to a PSA (Pressure Swing Adsorption). The PSA pre-concentrates the CO₂ in the offgas. It is compressed then sent to a cold process. There, the CO₂ is recovered by the combination of partial condensation and distillation, which allow the removal of various elements such as O₂, Ar, N₂, NO and CO. The CO₂ product is compressed, condensed and pumped up to supercritical pressure or directly produced as liquid. The pressurized nitrogen from the PSA is expanded to recover energy. Key Figures: • Capacity: 300 – 10,000 tpd • PSA-assisted CO 2 condensation • Compressors, PSA and cryo process can be located in two different plots • Smart impurities management (high NOx) • 40 to 80 €/tCO₂ captured • Gaseous or liquid CO 2 • CO 2 capture rate: up to 98% Main Applications: • Flue gases or off gases with CO 2 content = 15% (SMR, cement/lime, steel blast furnace, refineries (FCC), waste incineration/biomass power plant, pulp & paper) Reference / Project Examples: • 2020 - Industrial CCS Engineering Study for 2,000 tpd in EU (FCC) • 2021 - Industrial CCS Process Design Package + License for 2400 tpd in EU (SMR) • 2021 - Selection by US DOE for a FEED on largest single kiln for Holcim St. Genevieve plant in US (e.g. 10,000 tpd CO 2 ) • 2022 - Two awards by EU Innovation Fund for FOIK cryogenic capture on lime flue gas (Lhoist Réty) and cement single line kiln (Lafarge Holcim Kujawy) • 2022 - Two selections by US DOE for FEED on Gulf Coast SMR and a Direct Reduction Iron (DRI HBI) (Arcelormittal, previously Voestalpine) CRYOCAP™ OXY Cryocap™ Oxy uses oxy-fuel combustion exhaust as a feedstock. Its unique technological bricks include flue gas drying, dust filtration, and cryogenic purification. Through this technology, a high rate of CO 2 recovery is achieved, and can reduce atmospheric emissions from power plants to almost zero (emissions of NOx, SOx, fine particles and Hg). The flue gas issued from the cement or lime or power plant is first treated in a pre-treatment unit, which aims to cool the gas and remove the SOx, HF, HCl, most of the NOx, and dust. Then, the gas is compressed and dried before entering the cryogenic purification unit. In the cold process, CO₂ is recovered by combination of partial condensation and distillation, which allows the removal of the heavy compounds such as NOx and the light elements such as O₂, Ar, N₂, NO and CO. The CO₂ product is compressed, condensed and pumped up to supercritical pressure or directly produced under liquid state. Key Figures: • Capacity: 1,000 and 15,000 tpd • 30 - 50 €/tCO₂ captured • Energy savings through residual gas • Gaseous or liquid CO 2 • Enriched flue gas above 60% CO 2 • Smart impurities management (high NOx) • CO 2 capture rate: 90-98% Main Applications: • Cement/Lime • Power plant • Any applications with CO 2 concentration 40% Reference / Project Examples: • 2008 - Demo CCS EP for 200 tpd in France (Total - oxyfuels) • 2010 - Pilot CCS EP for 80 tpd in Australia (Callide) • 2012 - Pilot CCS EPC for 200 tpd in Spain (CIUDEN) • 2014 - Industrial CCS FEED for 3500 tpd in US (Futuregen) • 2015 - Industrial CCS FEED for 1500 tpd in France (Lafarge - cement) • 2021 - Awarded by Innovation Fund for ~1MTPY (EQIOM - cement) CRYOCAP™ STEEL This solution was designed to specifically capture CO 2 from steel making plants, with CO 2 stream concentrations of 20- 50%. The gas is first compressed, dried and sent to a PSA (Pressure Swing Adsorption). The PSA pre-concentrates the CO₂ in the offgas while producing a CO rich stream. The pre-concentrated CO₂ stream is compressed and sent to a cold process. There, the CO₂ is recovered by combination of partial condensation and distillation, which allows the removal of the light elements such as Ar, N₂, H 2 and CO₂. The CO₂ product can be produced as a gaseous or liquid product. The pressurized CO-rich stream is either recycled to the blast furnace or used to produce fuels. Key Figures: • Capacity: from 300 - 5,000+ tpd • Compact and flexible footprint: compressors, PSA and cold-box can be located in three different plots • 25-60 €/t CO₂ captured • Gaseous or liquid CO 2 • CO 2 capture rate: 80 to 95% Main Applications: • Iron and Steel Production Reference / Project Examples: • 2005 - Pilot CCS EPC for 40 tpd (pre-concentration part) in Sweden (MEFOS) • 2012 - Industrial CCS FEED for 3,600 tpd in France (ULCOS) • 2019 - CCU for 800 tpd (pre-concentration part) in Belgium (Steelanol) 2020 - CCU LCO 2 Pre-FEED for 350 tpd in Korea CRYOCAP™ NG The CO₂ rich natural gas is first dried and sent to a cold process where the CO₂ is separated from the other components through a combination of partial condensation and distillation. High CO₂ partial pressure favors the partial condensation of CO₂ and therefore, makes its separation from natural gas even easier. The non-condensable gas is enriched in methane and sent to a membrane for final purification. The CO₂ purity of the product corresponds to pipeline specifications, generally 1 - 10 mol%. The CO₂- enriched permeate stream of the membrane is sent back to the cold process. The CO₂ and heavy hydrocarbons condense in the cold process and are collected at high pressure. NGL recovery is possible with almost no additional cost. Cryocap™ NG is tolerant to some content of H₂S. Cryocap™ NG also allows for bulk removal of H₂S from NG. Key Figures: • Up to 1,000,000 Nm3/h • Separation cost: less than 1 USD/MMBTU • Capex savings: 50% vs. amine absorption (at high CO₂ content) Main Applications: • Natural gas with high CO 2 content (35%)