锂离子电池寿命模型（英文）---NREL.pdf

NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. Predictive Models of Li-ion Battery Lifetime Kandler Smith, Ph.D. Eric Wood, Shriram Santhanagopalan, Gi-Heon Kim, Ying Shi, Ahmad Pesaran National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden, Colorado IEEE Conference on Reliability Science for Advanced Materials and Devices Colorado School of Mines • Golden, Colorado • September 7-9, 2014 NREL/PR-5400-62813 2 Key Messages • Semi-empirical battery lifetime models are generally suitable for system design life model of Ford/Panasonic cell; controls validation of Ford PHEV packs Eaton Corporation Project: Downsized HEV pack by 50% through enabling battery prognostic controls validation on Eaton HEV packs Washington Univ. Project: Improve available energy at the cell level by 20% based on real-time predictive modeling implement WU reformulated models on BMS; validate at cell life model of Ford/Panasonic cell; controls validation of Ford PHEV packs 1C Energy (Wh) Teardown analysis of automotive pack aged to 70% remaining energy shows ±5.5% variation at EOL ±5.5% variation at EOL • Active balancing most benefits energy applications with large cell- to-cell disparity • Key question: How much does cell-to-cell disparity grow with age? Extreme driving conditions, large pack ΔT cause abnormally large cell capacity imbalance growth 28 Summary • Main factors controlling battery lifetime o Time at high T Low/high T & SOC • Semi-empirical battery lifetime models are generally suitable for system design & control o NREL models describe various commercial chemistries o Life extensions of 20% to 50% may be possible • Physics lifetime models to provide design feedback o Electrochemical/thermal processes well understood o Mechanics coupling underway at various length scales 29 Funding • US Dept. of Energy – Vehicle Technologies Office: Brian Cunningham, David Howell • US Dept. of Energy – Advanced Research Projects Agency: Ilan Gur, Patrick McGrath, Russel Ross • US Army Tank Automotive Research, Development & Engineering Center: Yi Ding, Sonya Zanardelli, Matt Castanier Collaborators • Texas A&M University: Partha Mukherjee, Pallab Barai, Kai An • University of Colorado at Boulder: Kurt Maute, Reza Behrou, Dragan Maksimovic, Andrew Hoke • Colorado School of Mines: Corinne Packard, David Diercks, Brian Gorman • Eaton Corporation: Chinmaya Patil • Utah State: Regan Zane • Ford Motor Company: Dyche Anderson Acknowledgements 30 Thank you