复杂遮阴条件下光伏系统MPPT控制改进PSO算法仿真研究

第 34 卷 增刊 中 国 电 机 工 程 学 报 Vol.34 Supplement Nov.20, 2014 2014 年 11 月 20 日 Proceedings of the CSEE ?2014 Chin.Soc.for Elec.Eng. 39 DOI ： 10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.2014.S.006 文章编号： 0258-8013 (2014) S-0039-08 中图分类号： TM 46 复杂遮阴条件下光伏系统 MPPT 控制改进 PSO 算法仿真研究张永革 1，石季英 1，张文 1，汤文扬 2(1．天津大学电气与自动化工程学院 ， 天津市 南开区 300072 ；2．天津港 (集团 )有限公司，天津市 滨海新区 300461) Research of Improved PSO in MPPT Control of PV Systems Under Complex Shading Condition ZHANG Yongge 1, SHI Jiying 1, ZHANG Wen 1, TANG Wenyang 2(1. School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin University, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China; 2. Tianjin Port (Group) Co.Ltd, Binhai New Area, Tianjin 300461, China) ABSTRACT: The P- U curve of PV array has multiple peaks under partial shading, thus, the conventional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm will fail to work. This paper proposes a new simulation model: a dual-algorithm model. First, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to search the maximum power point; second, the conductance increment method controls the system output stability. In addition, this paper also studies the following several points: the reference curve of simulation model is changed to the power-duty ratio ( P- D) output characteristic curve of PV array which is measured by adjusting the duty ratio in standard boost circuits; the structure of traditional PSO algorithm is improved and the maximum search speed is limited; the most suitable number and search order of particle are analyzed for model. Finally, the simulation and experiment of system have been done under complex condition. KEY WORDS: maximum power point tracking (MPPT); particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm; P- Dcharacteristic curve; search order of particle; partial shading 摘要 ：局部遮阴时，光伏阵列输出的功率 - 电压曲线出现多个峰值，传统最大功率点跟踪 (maximum power point tracking ， MPPT) 算法会失效。提出两步型控制模型：第一步由粒子群算法 (particle swarm optimization ， PSO)寻找最大功率点，第二步通过电导增量法 (incremental conductance ，INC) 控制系统稳定输出。此外还研究以下几点：模型的参基金项目 ： 国际科技合作专项项目 (2013DFA11040)； 国家自然科学基金项目 (61172014)；天津市自然科学基金重点项目 (12JCZDJC21300)。The National Program of International S Project Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (61172014); Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin (12JCZDJC21300).考曲线更改为光伏阵列功率 - 占空比 (P- D)输出特性曲线 (由标准 Boost 电路调节占空比测得 )； 改进传统 PSO 算法结构，限制了最大搜索速度； 分析模型最适合的粒子数目和粒子搜索顺序。最后在复杂环境下对系统进行仿真和实验。关键词 ：最大功率点跟踪；粒子群算法； P- D 特性曲线；粒子搜索顺序；局部遮阴0 引言化石能源的快速消耗导致严重的环境污染， 太阳能作为一种无污染、可再生、储量无限的新型能源，得到推广利用。太阳能应用的蓬勃发展中，有很多问题亟待解决，核心问题是如何降低成本、提高效率。 由于太阳能电池板输出 P- U 特性曲线受外界光线和温度等因素变化的影响，如何使系统追踪在最大功率点 (maximum power point tracking ，MPPT) ，是太阳能高效率应用需要解决的一个重要技术 [1-5] 。近几年，有很多种 MPPT 算法被提出，包括最经典的扰动观察法 [6] (perturb and observe ， PWolf M S;Snyman D B Integrated photo voltaic maximum power point tracking converter 1997(06)2. 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