数据丨2021年可再生能源发电成本-IRENA.xlsx

Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2021 This publication should be cited as Citation IRENA 2022, Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2021, International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi. Contents Highlights Executive Summary 1. Latest cost trends 2. Onshore wind 3. Solar PV 4. Offshore wind 5. Concentrating solar power 6. Hydropower 7. Geothermal 8. Bioenergy Annex I Operations Maintenace This file contains data from the above mentioned report. Note Monetary values in this report are expressed in real 2021 USD that is to say, taking into account inflation unless explicitly mentioned. Contact costsirena.org Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2021 This publication should be cited as Citation IRENA 2022, Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2021, International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi. Note Monetary values in this report are expressed in real 2021 USD that is to say, taking into account inflation unless explicitly mentioned. Table H.1 Global weighted average total installed cost, capacity factor and levelised cost of electricity trends by technology, 2010 and 2021 Total installed costs Capacity factor Levelised cost of electricity 2021 USD/kW 2021 USD/kWh 2010 2021 Percent change 2010 2021 Percent change 2010 Bioenergy 2 714 2 353 -13 72 68 -6 0.078 Geothermal 2 714 3 991 47 87 77 -11 0.05 Hydropower 1 315 2 135 62 44 45 2 0.039 Solar PV 4 808 857 -82 14 17 25 0.417 CSP 9 422 9 091 -4 30 80 167 0.358 Onshore wind 2 042 1 325 -35 27 39 44 0.102 Offshore wind 4 876 2 858 -41 38 39 3 0.188 2021 Percent change 0.067 -14 0.068 34 0.048 24 0.048 -88 0.114 -68 0.033 -68 0.075 -60 Table H.1 Global weighted average total installed cost, capacity factor and levelised cost of electricity trends by technology, 2010 and 2021 Levelised cost of electricity 2021 USD/kWh Figure S.1 Change in global weighted levelised cost of electricity by technology, 2020-2021 Solar photovoltaic Year-on-year percentage reduction 2020-2021 -13 Ofshore wind Onshore wind Concentrating solar power -13 -15 7 Figure S.1 Change in global weighted levelised cost of electricity by technology, 2020-2021 Figure S.2 Global weighted average total installed costs, capacity factors and LCOE of newly commissioned utility-scale solar PV, onshore and offshore wind, 2010-2021 Total installed cost 2021 USD/kW 2010 2011 2012 Solar photovoltaic 4 808 4 104 3 124 Offshore wind 4 876 5 584 4 942 Onshore wind 2 044 2 000 1 906 Capacity factor 2010 2011 2012 Solar photovoltaic 13.80 15.30 15.10 Offshore wind 37.90 38.10 39.90 Onshore wind 27.20 27.60 27.60 LCOE 2021 USD/kWh 2010 2011 2012 Solar photovoltaic 0.417 0.311 0.233 Offshore wind 0.188 0.196 0.167 Onshore wind 0.102 0.096 0.088 Fossil fuel cost range 2021 USD/kWh Low band 0.054 High band 0.167 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2 742 2 478 1 887 1 717 1 483 1 267 1 046 0 916 0 857 5 223 5 499 5 515 4 342 4 906 4 798 3 844 3 255 2 858 1 965 1 898 1 722 1 729 1 729 1 636 1 553 1 501 1 325 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 16.40 16.60 16.50 16.70 17.50 17.90 17.50 16.10 17.20 45.00 35.10 41.90 39.70 44.70 43.10 42.50 38.30 38.80 28.10 29.20 29.10 30.80 32.50 34.60 35.70 39.80 39.20 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 0.179 0.161 0.121 0.106 0.084 0.071 0.062 0.055 0.048 0.141 0.172 0.141 0.116 0.106 0.1 0.086 0.086 0.075 0.089 0.08 0.069 0.064 0.06 0.051 0.045 0.039 0.033 Figure S.2 Global weighted average total installed costs, capacity factors and LCOE of newly commissioned utility-scale solar PV, onshore and offshore wind, 2010-2021 Figure S.2 Global weighted average total installed costs, capacity factors and LCOE of newly commissioned utility-scale solar PV, onshore and offshore wind, 2010-2021 Figure S.3 The weighted average LCOE of utility scale solar PV compared to fuel and CO2 cost only for fossil gas in Europe, 2010-2022 Technology Units 2010 2011 2012 2013 Fossil gas fuelCO2 only 2021 USD/kWh 0.082 0.099 0.105 0.095 Solar photovoltaic 2021 USD/kWh 0.438 0.353 0.236 0.18 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022p 0.088 0.062 0.037 0.048 0.07 0.046 0.036 0.141 0.269 0.182 0.136 0.129 0.101 0.081 0.072 0.071 0.061 0.064 Figure S.3 The weighted average LCOE of utility scale solar PV compared to fuel and CO2 cost only for fossil gas in Europe, 2010-2022 Figure S.1 Change in global weighted levelised cost of electricity by technology, 2020-2021 Solar photovoltaic Year-on-year percentage reduction 2020-2021 -13 Ofshore wind Onshore wind Concentrating solar power -13 -15 7 Figure S.1 Change in global weighted levelised cost of electricity by technology, 2020-2021 Figure 1.2 Global weighted average LCOEs from newly commissioned, utility-scale renewable power generation technologies, 2010-2021 2021 USD/kWh Solar photovoltaic 2010 2021 5th percentile 0.208 0.029 5th percentile Weighted average 0.417 0.048 Weighted average 95th percentile 0.522 0.120 95th percentile Onshore wind 2010 2021 5th percentile 0.066 0.021 5th percentile Weighted average 0.102 0.033 Weighted average 95th percentile 0.141 0.064 95th percentile Offshore wind 2010 2021 5th percentile 0.112 0.054 5th percentile Weighted average 0.188 0.075 Weighted average 95th percentile 0.307 0.127 95th percentile Concentrating solar power Fossil fuel cost range 2010 2021 Low band 5th percentile 0.274 0.114 High band Weighted average 0.358 0.114 95th percentile 0.406 0.114 Biomass 2010 2021 0.041 0.061 0.078 0.067 0.144 0.139 Geothermal 2010 2021 0.038 0.037 0.050 0.068 0.077 0.099 Hydro 2010 2021 0.021 0.029 0.039 0.048 0.087 0.131 2021 USD/kWh 0.054 0.167 Figure 1.2 Global weighted average LCOEs from newly commissioned, utility-scale renewable power generation technologies, 2010-2021 Figure 1.3 Annual and cumulative total new renewable power generation capacity added at a lower cost than the cheapest fossil fuel-fired option, 2010-2021 Year Technology Competitive Needs support 2010 Solar photovoltaic 0 100Onshore wind 0 100 2011 Solar photovoltaic 0 100Onshore wind 1 99 2012 Solar photovoltaic 0 100Onshore wind 0 100 2013 Solar photovoltaic 0 100Onshore wind 1 99 2014 Solar photovoltaic 0 100Onshore wind 2 98 2015 Solar photovoltaic 0 100Onshore wind 9 91 2016 Solar photovoltaic 0 100Onshore wind 16 84 2017 Solar photovoltaic 3 97Onshore wind 57 43 2018 Solar photovoltaic 52 48Onshore wind 76 24 2019 Solar photovoltaic 58 42Onshore wind 83 17 2020 Solar photovoltaic 63 37Onshore wind 96 4 2021 Solar photovoltaic 74 26Onshore wind 96 4 Technology GW 2010 2011 Biomass Competitive 0.2 0.6 Concentrating solar powerCompetitive 0.0 0.0 Geothermal Competitive 0.2 0.0 Hydro Competitive 26.5 25.5 Offshore wind Competitive 0.0 0.0 Solar photovoltaic Competitive 0.0 0.0 Onshore wind Competitive 0.1 0.5 Technology GW 2010 2011 Biomass Needs support 5.4 7.5 Concentrating solar powerNeeds support 0.3 0.5 Geothermal Needs support 0.2 0.0 Hydro Needs support 7.1 5.0 Offshore wind Needs support 1.1 1.1 Solar photovoltaic Needs support 4.4 8.4 Onshore wind Needs support 31.6 40.8 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.0 2.9 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.1 50.0 24.8 26.3 38.8 20.4 13.2 26.6 13.2 15.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 2.0 30.4 40.7 46.7 0.1 0.2 1.0 6.1 8.4 28.7 35.7 45.7 102.7 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 10.2 10.1 6.5 4.7 4.1 2.0 2.0 6.7 4.3 1.0 1.2 1.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.9 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.2 0.8 0.1 8.7 9.0 10.9 13.6 17.2 8.1 9.4 7.6 6.7 1.2 2.3 1.1 4.1 2.2 3.6 4.2 6.7 8.2 29.2 56.1 22.8 33.4 50.6 69.4 27.6 29.1 27.7 49.9 32.7 46.4 59.6 43.9 22.1 11.4 9.3 4.8 Figure 1.3 Annual and cumulative total new renewable power generation capacity added at a lower cost than the cheapest fossil fuel-fired option, 2010-2021 2021 0.0 0.0 0.1 21.8 2.5 70.2 69.2 2021 9.2 0.1 0.3 3.8 20.0 24.4 2.6 Figure 1.4 Annual and cumulative savings and generation from new renewable power generation capacity with lower costs than the cheapest fossil fuel-fired option, non-OECD countries, 2010-2021 Technology Metric 2010 2011 Biomass Savings by year 2021 USD billion 0.0 0.0 Geothermal Savings by year 2021 USD billion 0.0 Hydro Savings by year 2021 USD billion 1.8 2.1 Solar photovoltaicSavings by year 2021 USD billion Offshore wind Savings by year 2021 USD billion Onshore wind Savings by year 2021 USD billion 0.0 0.0 Technology Metric 2010 2011 Biomass Running total 2021 USD billion 0.0 0.0 Geothermal Running total 2021 USD billion 0.0 0.0 Hydro Running total 2021 USD billion 1.8 3.9 Solar photovoltaicRunning total 2021 USD billion Offshore wind Running total 2021 USD billion Onshore wind Running total 2021 USD billion 0.0 0.0 Technology Metric 2010 2011 Biomass Generation TWh 1.1 2.1 Geothermal Generation TWh 1.8 Hydro Generation TWh 101.7 99.7 Solar photovoltaic Generation TWh Offshore wind Generation TWh Onshore wind Generation TWh 0.2 0.8 Technology Metric 2010 2011 Biomass Running Sum of Generation in TWh 1.1 3.2 Geothermal Running Sum of Generation in TWh 1.8 1.8 Hydro Running Sum of Generation in TWh 101.7 201.4 Solar photovoltaic Running Sum of Generation in TWh Offshore wind Running Sum of Generation in TWh Onshore wind Running Sum of Generation in TWh 0.2 1.1 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 1.9 2.1 3.5 1.4 1.0 2.0 0.9 1.2 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.8 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.5 1.2 4.2 3.3 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 8.2 10.1 12.2 15.7 17.1 18.0 20.1 21.0 22.2 23.1 0.0 0.1 0.6 1.4 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.6 1.1 2.3 6.6 9.9 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 3.7 1.8 1.3 3.6 17.8 1.0 0.3 0.6 1.3 0.9 3.3 0.2 0.7 0.2 208.7 111.8 112.1 172.7 91.1 52.5 103.4 50.0 61.2 75.9 2.5 44.2 41.9 47.5 70.6 0.7 0.2 0.8 3.0 3.9 4.8 59.9 64.4 81.4 223.1 138.3 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 6.9 8.7 9.9 13.6 13.6 13.6 31.4 31.4 32.3 32.3 1.8 2.1 2.7 4.0 4.9 8.1 8.1 8.4 9.1 9.3 410.1 521.9 633.9 806.7 897.8 950.2 1053.6 1103.6 1164.8 1240.7 2.5 46.7 88.6 136.1 206.8 0.7 1.3 2.0 5.0 8.9 13.7 73.6 138.1 219.4 442.6 580.9 Figure 1.4 Annual and cumulative savings and generation from new renewable power generation capacity with lower costs than the cheapest fossil fuel-fired option, non-OECD countries, 2010-2021 Figure 1.4 Annual and cumulative savings and generation from new renewable power generation capacity with lower costs than the cheapest fossil fuel-fired option, non-OECD countries, 2010-2021 Figure 1.6 Wholesale electricity hourly and fossil gas daily prices for Belgium, France, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands, March 2022 Data from German Federal Statistical Office Statistisches Bundesamt 2022a, Producer price index for industrial products, GP09-24102, GP09-24103 and GP09-24104, German Federal Statistical Office Statistisches Bundesamt, Wiesbaden. Figure 1.6 Wholesale electricity hourly and fossil gas daily prices for Belgium, France, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands, March 2022 Data from German Federal Statistical Office Statistisches Bundesamt 2022a, Producer price index for industrial products, GP09-24102, GP09-24103 and GP09-24104, German Federal Statistical Office Statistisches Bundesamt, Wiesbaden. Data from German Federal Statistical Office Statistisches Bundesamt 2022a, Producer price index for industrial products, GP09-24102, GP09-24103 and GP09-24104, German Federal Statistical Office Statistisches Bundesamt, Wiesbaden. Figure 1.7 Fuel-only generation costs for coal and fossil gas for 2022 relative to the LCOE of new solar PV, onshore and offshore wind power projects commissioned in 2021, by country Onshore wind Solar PV Coal 2021 USD/MWh 2021 USD/MWh 2021 USD/MWh Germany 51.0 61.0 Italy 41.0 51.0 Europe 42.0 61.0 France 44.0 49.0 Brazil 24.0 52.0 Japan 141.0 87.0 Finland 47.0 United Kingdom 42.0 69.0 Denmark 40.0 61.0 China 28.0 34.0 77.3 Korea 64.0 56.0 India 30.0 35.0 127.4 Turkey 45.0 64.0 Viet Nam 57.0 46.0 126.3 Australia 38.0 42.0 89.4 Argentina 47.0 91.0 Chile 42.0 44.0 United States 30.0 55.0 Mexico 42.0 49.0 Fossil gas Onshore wind Solar PV 2021 USD/MWh Ratio to fossil gas Ratio to fossil gas 268.4 5.3 259.5 6.3 270.3 6.4 245.4 5.6 223.9 9.3 210.6 2.4 208.1 4.4 210.6 5.0 203.6 5.1 197.9 7.1 180.0 3.2 149.0 5.0 128.1 2.8 2.7 88.3 2.4 92.4 2.0 82.9 2.0 53.8 1.8 51.9 1.2 Figure 1.7 Fuel-only generation costs for coal and fossil gas for 2022 relative to the LCOE of new solar PV, onshore and offshore wind power projects commissioned in 2021, by country Figure 1.8 Implied 2022 revenue for solar and wind projects commissioned in 2021, relative to their annual capital recovery requirement Required annual capital recovery Potential revenue Offshore wind 2021 USD/kW/year 2021 USD/kW/year Ratio United Kingdom 155.5 866.8 5.6 Japan 379.8 545.5 1.4 China 199.2 505.5 2.5 Viet Nam 190.1 362.7 1.9 Required annual capital recovery Potential revenue Onshore wind 2021 USD/kW/year 2021 USD/kW/year Ratio Brazil 80.0 1016.7 12.7 France 87.5 767.0 8.8 Italy 81.2 750.1 9.2 United Kingdom 105.3 736.4 7.0 Germany 79.9 650.8 8.2 Republic of Korea 165.1 583.3 3.5 China 61.8 496.0 8.0 Japan 214.3 448.4 2.1 Turkey 114.2 440.0 3.9 Argentina 254.5 401.4 1.6 India 71.1 370.2 5.2 Viet Nam 108.9 326.1 3.0 Australia 70.0 301.1 4.3 Chile 105.5 296.3 2.8 Canada 77.9 203.7 2.6 United States 78.5 203.4 2.6 Mexico 89.5 161.2 1.8 Required annual capital recovery Potential revenue Solar PV 2021 USD/kW/year 2021 USD/kW/year Ratio Brazil 65.9 427.0 6.5 France 39.8 312.9 7.9 Italy 44.9 340.7 7.6 United Kingdom 43.1 191.7 4.4 Germany 32.4 280.0 8.7 Republic of Korea 56.1 252.1 4.5 China 33.5 210.4 6.3 Japan 88.4 274.4 3.1 Turkey 72.2 188.7 2.6 Argentina 125.7 138.3 1.1 India 45.3 198.8 4.4 Viet Nam 53.7 161.9 3.0 Australia 57.6 167.7 2.9 Chile 64.0 170.0 2.7 Canada 71.2 64.5 0.9 United States 71.1 90.8 1.3 Mexico 75.8 99.3 1.3 Figure 1.8 Implied 2022 revenue for solar and wind projects commissioned in 2021, relative to their annual capital recovery requirement Figure 1.9 European fossil gas prices by month and 15-year rolling average, 1989-2022 Source IMF 2022b, Global price of Natural gas, EU PNGASEUUSDM, https//fred.stlouisfed.org/series/PNGASEUUSDM accessed 15 June 2022.