STW_Martin Schuetze_Perovskite_Quenching

High Tech Thermal Solutions Innovative Quenching and drying systems for mass production of Perovskite Solar modules SMIT Technology Wuxi Ltd. Xishan Avenue 529 Xishan District 21406 Wuxi China www.smitthermalsolutions.com outline Introduction Smit Technology Wuxi Perovskite process overview – new road for production line Drying and quenching system for RtR Inline drying and quenching process system summary Company Introduction Smit Technology Wuxi Smit Technology Wuxi founded 09.2017 100 entity from Smit Thermal Solutions Headquarter in Eindhoven Engineering Product development Assembly high technology equipment Workshop Wuxi Assembly of standard equipment Customer service for Asian customers Company introduction location and possibilities Located in Wuxi, Jiangsu currently building of equipment for thin film solar market 1200 m workshop Length up to 60m Customer support and service support from Chinese team Assembled, tested https//doi.org/10.3390/met8110964 Deposition methods for larger surface Perovskite process overview Drying quenching process developed After deposition of solvent perovskite drying or quenching process required Evaporation of solvents Remove from residues from perovskite layer More compact layer Enhance crystallisation and film properties Incorporation of elements Methods of quenching Heat Time Over-Pressure Under-Pressure L. Qiu et al. / Materials Today Energy 7 2018 169e189 Perovskite process overview Drying quenching process developed Innovative drying and quenching processes in laboratory scale developed For commercialisation innovative system for mass production required RtR system with web foil Inline process for sheet to sheet production Drying and quenching process for RtR Drying and quenching process for RtR Perovskite Roll to Roll Drying System Integrated drying / curing / sintering systems The features of the dryers include Modular design with contactless support of web using air/n2 bearings Air, inert and/or EX atmosphere Air flow cross width variation is 1 Particles better than dust class 10 Temperature range up to 250oC Convective and radiant heating Speeds up to 30m/min Drying and quenching process for RtR Design Features Maintenance Single side service area. Conditioned media flow Top or bottom exhaust Recirculation system Refreshing system extreme low dust class Nozzle design for both temperature – and speed uniformity of drying airflow Divergent design Convergent design Drying and quenching process for RtR Particle free processing for Roll-to-Roll Application Particle free performance by Hepa filters for refreshment Air/N2/Ar supply to system Internal recirculation Contact free web handling No friction between web and web-support No damage scratches on web No moving parts → high yield, less maintenance Typical ambient cleanroom class 10 Drying and quenching process for RtR simulation of the gas nozzles fro optimum drying process Simulation of the nozzles Divergent nozzle Convergent nozzle Homogenous Gas flow and heat transfer transfer for the web Higher heat transfer values required to achieve fast evaporation Convergent nozzles leads to higher heat transfer Divergent nozzles to lower gas flow velocity Drying and quenching process for RtR Temperature stability Web is heated with distributed gas flow Temperature underneath and in between of the nozzles measured in static conditions Temperature homogeneity depending on fan speed 5oHz, 100 degree → 0.8C 35Hz, 100 degree → 2.5C 20Hz, 100 degree → 9C Drying and quenching process for RtR Dryer – stable atmosphere Temperature stability after heat-up and stabilisation time Temperature stability 0,5 25 75 12 5 17 5 22 5 0 20 40 60 80 10 0 Temper a tur e oC Ti me min Z02 Z03 Z04 Z05 Z06 Z08 Z09 Z10 Z11 Z12 0.0 1 0.1 0 1.00 10 . 0 0 10 0.00 0.0 0 2.0 0 4.0 0 6.0 0 8.0 0 10 .00 12 .00 O2 [ ] tim e [ s] oxygen level below 0,1 reached by flushing in first Unit Controlled atmosphere Drying and quenching process for RtR Simulation of evaporation of material Simulation of the Evaporation of solvents according temperature and web speed Speed of evaporation depends on Temperature of drying gas Gas flow Material thickness Need to be adjusted for each solvent Simulation only as indication 0 20 40 60 80 10 0 12 0 14 0 16 0 18 0 20 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1 0 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 t e m p e r a tu r e - Cso l v e n t th i ckness - ti m e - se c solven t t h ic k n e s s w e b t emperat u re oven t emp e rat u re isopropanol 0 20 40 60 80 10 0 12 0 14 0 16 0 18 0 20 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1 0 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 t e m p e r a tu r e - Cso l v e n t th i ckness - ti m e - se c solven t t h ic k n e s s w e b t emperat u re oven t emp e rat u re water Drying and quenching process for RtR further developments RTR drying system provides good performance for mass production process Most processes are in development or in Pilot production Quenching parameters not defined in detail and depending on process New developments by using Air knifes for quenching and incorporation of atoms Flexible system for testing with different kinds of quenching and drying to define process parameters or flexibility in pilot line / production line required Joule 2, 1205–1209, July 18, 2018 1207 Inline drying and quenching process Inline drying and quenching process Drying / Sintering for S2S processing, in construction for RD centre Inline drying and quenching process Drying / Sintering for S2S processing Modular system for innovative quenching developments 5 Modules for vacuum Drying by heated convection Gas quenching Cooling by convection radiant Heating up to 500 degree Sheets of 30x30cm Air tight enclosure for drying toxic solvents Inline drying and quenching process simulation of drying solvents 0 50 10 0 15 0 20 0 25 0 1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 0 2 0 0 4 0 0 6 0 0 8 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 4 0 0 1 6 0 0 1 8 0 0 2 0 0 0 t e m p e r a tu r e - C sol v e n t th i ckn e ss - ti m e - se c simu la tion E th yle n e Gl y c ol low air flow solven t t h ic k n e s s p a n el t em p erat u r e ove n t emp e rat u re 0 50 10 0 15 0 20 0 25 0 1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 0 2 0 0 4 0 0 6 0 0 8 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 4 0 0 1 6 0 0 1 8 0 0 2 0 0 0 t e m p e r a tu r e - C sol v e n t th i ckn e ss - ti m e - se c simu la tion E th yle n e Gl y c ol high air flow solven t t h ic k n e s s p a n el t em p erat u r e ove n t emp e rat u re Simulation of drying process at constant temperature and varied flow Gas renewed with constant flow Flow amount variable Process time can be calculated, but need experimental confirmation Inline drying and quenching process simulation of drying solvents 0 50 10 0 15 0 20 0 25 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 4 0 0 6 0 0 8 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 4 0 0 1 6 0 0 1 8 0 0 2 0 0 0 t e m per a tu r e - C so l v e n t th i ckn e ss - ti m e - se c simu la tion 4 - Hy d r on aphthale n e solv en t t h ic k n e s s p a n el t em p er at u r e ove n t emp e rat u re 0 50 10 0 15 0 20 0 25 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 4 0 0 6 0 0 8 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 4 0 0 1 6 0 0 1 8 0 0 2 0 0 0 t e m per a tu r e - C so l v e n t th i ckn e ss - ti m e - se c simu la tion E th yle n e Gl y c ol solv en t t h ic k n e s s p a n el t em p er at u r e ove n t emp e rat u re Simulation of drying/quenching process at with varied temperature Constant flow Temperature varied Panel temperature increases slowly to set point of furnace Temperature is main driving factor for drying and evaporation of solvent Inline drying and quenching process temperature homogeneity Temperature homogeneity for crystallisation process is crucial Inline System provides low spread 1C at constant temperature 4C while heating up Test with TC glued to the panel Secures high repeatability 0. 0 2. 0 4. 0 6. 0 8. 0 10 . 0 12 . 0 0. 0 50 . 0 10 0. 0 15 0. 0 20 0. 0 25 0. 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 t e m per a tu r e sp r e a d C t e m p e r a tu r e C T i m e m i n P ane l t e mp e r a tur e h omo g e n e ity Lef t C en t er Rig h t Sp r ea d - n oise 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 t e m p e r a tu r e [ C] ti m e [ m i n ] c omparison measu r ed / simul a t ed t emp er a tur e f u rn ac e t e mp e rat u re simu l at ion mea su re d Inline drying and quenching process measurements vs. simulation Comparison of measured and simulated temperature shows good comparability Simulation is more conservative 0 50 10 0 15 0 20 0 25 0 0. 0 50 .0 10 0. 0 15 0. 0 20 0. 0 25 0. 0 si mul a t e d v e r su s p r e d i ct e d Inline drying and quenching process Further capabilities of the system Vacuum chamber for 10Pa Pumped down 5s Development of fast solvent drying through vacuum Short cycle time can be achieved Optional gas or IR quenching Development for new process Inline drying and quenching process Further capabilities of the system Innovative modular drying and quenching system Flexible for introducing and testing of quenching Gas IR vacuum Process steps can be developed and transferred for mass production systems