基于阻抗匹配和爬山搜索法的光伏MPPT控制研究
电工电气设计与研究基金项目 国家自然科学基金项目 51277110作者简介 刘林 1989- ,男,硕士,主要从事新能源发电技术、变电站设计、电力系统继电保护等工作;鲁月娥 1989- ,女,硕士研究生,研究方向为配电网中分布式电源选址定容、不可调度 DG对负荷的再支撑、水电站仿真等。基于阻抗匹配和爬山搜索法的光伏 MPPT控制研究刘林 1,鲁月娥 21 国网荆门供电公司,湖北 荆门 448000;2 三峡大学 电气与新能源学院,湖北 宜昌 443002摘 要 为解决爬山搜索法等传统光伏发电最大功率跟踪 MPPT控制的动态响应速度和稳定性难以兼顾,粒子群优化模糊控制等智能 MPPT控制复杂且计算量大的不足,引入光伏电池的工程数学模型,采用最大功率传输定理分析 MPPT的本质。针对光伏板上光照强度、温度及负载阻抗可测量,爬山搜索法无需知道光伏板所处环境状态,提出了利用外界光照、温度来给定最大功率参考值,实现输出功率的初步最大跟踪,当输出功率接近理论最大输出功率时,利用变步长爬山搜索法完成最大输出功率准确跟踪的改进型 MPPT算法。仿真结果表明,所提的算法能快速完成 MPPT功能,具有良好的动态响应能力和跟踪稳定性。关键词 光伏发电;阻抗匹配;爬山搜索法;最大功率跟踪;仿真中图分类号 TM615 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-3175201703-0001-05Abstract Because the dynamic response speed and stability of the traditional photovoltaic maximum power point tracking MPPT control such as hill-climbing search method are difficult to balance, particle swarm fuzzy optimization control and other intelligent MPPT control is complex and needs large amount of calculation, this paper introduced the engineering mathematic model of photovoltaic cells and used the maxi-mum power transfer theorem to analyze the essence of MPPT. For the light intensity, temperature on the photovoltaic panels and load impedance could be measured, and the hill-climbing search method did not require the measurement of the photovoltaic panel ’ s environment condition, this paper proposed to use outside light and temperature to give the maximum power reference value, so as to realize the initial maximum power out-put tracking. When the output power closed to the theoretical maximum output power, the variable step hill-climbing search method was used to complete the improved MPPT algorithm of maximum power output tracking accurately. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can quickly complete the MPPT function, with good dynamic response ability and tracking stability.Key words photovoltaic power generation; impedance matching; hill-climbing search method; maximum power point tracking; simulationLIU Lin , LU Yue-e2( State Grid Jingmen Power Supply Company, Jingmen 448000, China;2 College of Electrical Engineering Renewable Energy, Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China)Control Study on Maximum Power Point Tracking of Photovoltaic System Based on Impedance Matching and Hill-Climbing Search Method0 引言光伏发电作为新能源发电中的重要组成部分, 是解决未来能源危机的希望,但其前期投资大,光电转换效率低,对于如何提高负载获得功率成了近年来的研究热点 [1] 。在某一光照和温度下,光伏电池的 P- V曲线具有类抛物线特点,存在一个最大输出功率点 M PP,为了提高发电效率,需要使负载工作在这个最大功率点,即最大功率跟踪控制Maximum Power Point Tracking , MPPT。现已提出的 MPPT方案很多,比如恒定电压法 [2] 、爬山搜索法 [3] 、电导增量法 [4] 、二次插值法 [5] 等传统自寻优策略,但这些策略的动态跟踪快速性和稳态跟踪基于阻抗匹配和爬山搜索法的光伏 MPPT控制研究