创新技术工具iea_technology-guide-poster

Demand COtwo.sub Infrastructure Supply Power Generation Coal Natural gas or coal Natural gas Biomass CCUS CCUS CCUS CCUS Post-combustion/chemical absorption Post-combustion/membranes polymeric Oxy-fuel Pre-combustion/physical absorption Chemical looping combustion Supercritical CO two.old cycles Post-combustion/chemical absorption Pre-combustion/physical absorption Post-combustion/chemical absorption Biofuels Production Biomethane Biodiesel Biomass gasif.shortication and methanation Anaerobic digestion and CO two.old separation Gasif.shortication and Fischer-Tropsch CCUS CCUS CCUS Hydrogen Production Biomass/waste gasif.shortication Coal gasif.shortication Steam methane reforming Natural gas autothermal reforming Natural gas autothermal reforming with gas heated reformed CCUS CCUS CCUS CCUS CCUS Synthetic hydrocarbon fuels Production Liquid fuels Liquid fuels from hydrogen and CO two.old Concentrating solar fuels CCUS CCUS Ref.shortining Production Process heaters, hydrogen production CCUSFluid catalytic cracker CCUS Post-combustion Oxy-fuel Ammonia Production Fossil- or biomass-based CCUS Chemical absorption Physical absorption Physical adsorption Methanol Production Fossil- or biomass-based CCUS Chemical absorption Physical absorption Physical adsorption Aluminium Production Primary smelting CCUS Iron and Steel Production Blast furnace Direct reduced iron Smelting reduction Hydrogen enrichment + CO two.old removal uni2192 use of works arising gases Conversion of steel works arising gases to fuel Conversion of steel works arising gases to chemicals CCUS Enhanced smelting reduction CCUS Chemical absorption Physical absorption CCUS Cement Production Cement kiln Concrete curing CCUS CO two.old sequestration in inert carbonate materials Chemical absorption, partial capture rates (less than 20%) Chemical absorption (full capture rates) Calcium looping Oxy-fuelling Novel physical adsorption (silica or organic-based) Direct separation Membrane separation High value chemicals Production Fossil- or biomass-based CCUS Chemical absorption Physical absorption DIRECT AIR CAPTURE parenleft.ucDACparenright.uc SUPPLY CCUS DEMAND CCUS CO two.old transport CO two.old storage Solid DAC Liquid DAC Pipeline Ship transport CO two.old -enhanced oil recovery Mineral storage Advanced monitoring technologies Saline formations Depleted oil and gas reservoirs Port to port Port to of_fshore facility Infrastructure Charging Hydrogen refuelling station Hyperloop Smart charging Fast charging Dynamic charging or electric road system Conductive Inductive Operations Electric taxiing and ground operations Aviation Aircraft and aircraft components Battery electric aircraft Open rotor Geared turbo fan/ultra-high bypass ratio engine Hydrogen-fuelled engine Blended wing body design Propulsion-airframe integration Hybrid aircraft Infrastructure Charging Bunkering Fast charging Ammonia Hydrogen Operations Automated and connected ships Cold ironing, alternate maritime power Operations Automated and connected vehicles (level 4+) Truck Hardware Platooning and road train Rail Vehicle and vehicle components Infrastructure Gas hybrid train (internal combustion engine and batteries) Hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle Battery electric vehicle Magnetic levitation Freight Operations Physical internet Shipping Vessel and vessel components Gas-fuelled engine Hydrogen fuel cell electric vessel Hydrogen-fuelled engine Ammonia fuel cell electric vessel Ammonia-fuelled engine Battery electric vessel Methanol-fuelled engine Methanol fuel cell electric vessel Kite Foul felease hull coating Rudder bulb Rotor sail/sail Liquef.shortied biomethane Proton exchange membrane High temperature proton exchange membrane Molten carbonate Solid oxide TRANSPORT Road Vehicle and vehicle components Battery electric vehicle Hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle Methanol-fuelled engine Ethanol-fuelled engine Hydrogen-fuelled engine Gas-fuelled engine Battery Truck Car, light duty commercial vehicle and bus Truck Car, light duty commercial vehicle and bus Fuel cell Hydrogen tank Truck Car, light duty commercial vehicle and bus Truck Lithium-Ion Solid state + Li-metal Na-ion Multivalent ions Li-S Li-Air Polymer electrolyte membrane Compressed biomethane Liquef.shortied biomethane Cogeneration Combined production of heat and power (CHP) Trigeneration Quad-generation Fuel cells micro-CHP using solid oxide materials Fuel cells micro-CHP using polymer electrolyte membrane Control systems Smart thermostats Storage Thermal storage Thermo-chemical storage Latent (phase change material) Active latent heat storage Combined latent and sensible storage system Sensible Underground thermal storage Solid-liquid low temperature heat Solid-liquid high temperature heat Solid-liquid ice storage Solid-liquid aqueous salt solution Solid-liquid salt hydrates and paraf_f.shortin Solid-liquid fatty acid Solid-liquid sugar alcohol Solid-liquid salt Liquid-gaseous Solid-solid Hot water tanks Vacuum-insulated high-temperature water tank Chilled water storage Aquifer thermal energy storage Borehole thermal energy storage Distribution Control Booster Hydraulic interface unit Water heating heat pump Advanced heat exchanger Buildings construction and renovation Electricity generation Thermal performance Lighting performance Overall performance Material ef_f.shorticiency Building envelope Ventilation Building layout Design tool Reducing material losses Extending lifetime Lightweighting Wall, roof & façade Fenestration Dual f.shortlow ventilation Natural ventilation Building orientation Fiber-optic daylighting Dynamic simulation Pre-casting Prefabrication Additive manufacturing Fabric formwork Modular components Composite material Composite construction Thin shelled concrete Funicular f.shortloor system Building integrated photovoltaic system Building integrated solar thermal collector Building integrated phase change material Air sealing Breathing wall Dynamic building envelope Vacuum insulated panel Building integrated heat and moisture exchange panel Double skin façade Aerogel Insulation from silica or carbon Structural insulated panel Trombe wall Radiative ref.shortlective roof High ref.shortlectivity paint Electrochromic fenestration Highly insulating windowuni00A0 Dynamic glazing – thermochromic genestration Insulation glass coating BUILDINGS Cooking Appliance Electricity Biofuel Fossil fuel Solar Induction cooking Stove Domestic biogas digester Solar cooking Electric stoves Improved biomass cooking stove LPG stove Onsite-constructed digester Composite material digester Bag digester Lighting Appliance Operation Control systems Lamps and luminaires Direct current lighting LED Advanced lighting control system Conventional LED Organic LED Polymer LED Dimmability, occupancy sensor Systems integration Storage Control systems Grid interaction Electrical storage Demand response Direct current building system Double smart grid Solid state batteries, lithium ion batteries, redox f.shortlow battery Gamif.shortication device Interval/time of use meter Smart meters Open automated demand response Virtual net metering – community scale solar Direct current buildings, direct current microgrid system Electromechanical, radio-controlled switch Heating and cooling Generation Heat pump Evaporative cooling Standalone liquid or solid desiccant cooling Solid-state equipment cooling Boilers Heater Airuni2010touni2010air heat pump Airuni2010touni2010water heat pump Ground-source heat pump Thermally-driven heat pump Solar thermal water heat pump Combined solar PV and heat pump Hybrid heat pump Hydrogen-driven heat pump State-of-the-art technology Liquid or solid desiccant evaporative cooling Evaporative cooling with permeable membrane Elastocaloric Magnetocaloric Barocaloric Hydrogen boiler Biomass boiler Pellets-burning stove Wood-burning stoveuni00A0uni00A0uni00A0 State-of-the-art air-to-air technology Vapour compression packaged air conditioner Vapour compression split air conditioner Air-source heat pumps using heat recovery Membrane heat pump Conventional air-to-water Central heat pump water heater Natural refrigerant heat pump water heateruni00A0uni00A0uni00A0 Integrated heat pump with storage High-temperature heat pump Cold climate air-source heat pump Absorption heat pump (thermally driven) Adsoption heat pump (thermally driven) Vuilleurmier heat pump High/ultra high vacuum f.shortlat plate collectors Electric resistance back-up system or gas boiler back-up system Hydrogen-enriched natural gas heat pump Hydrogen/metal hydride heat pump Synthetic methane heat pumpuni00A0 SUBhyphen.ucSECTORDEMAND SECTOR TECHNOLOGY GROUPING TECHNOLOGY SUBhyphen.ucTECHNOLOGY COMPONENT OR DESIGN SUBhyphen.ucSECTORSUPPLY SECTOR TECHNOLOGY GROUPING TECHNOLOGY SUBhyphen.ucTECHNOLOGY COMPONENT OR DESIGN Hydrogen Production Storage Transport Biomass/waste gasif.shortication Electrolysis Nuclear/solar Chemical looping Coal gasif.shortication Methane pyrolysis Steam methane reforming Natural gas autothermal reforming Natural gas autothermal reforming with gas heated reformed Salt cavern storage Depleted oil & gas f.shortield, aquifer Storage tank Pipeline Hydrogen blending in natural gas network Liquid hydrogen tanker Liquid organic hydrogen carrier tanker CCUS Alkaline Polymer electrolyte membrane Solid oxide electrolyser cell Seawater electrolysis Thermochemical water splitting CCUS CCUS CCUS CCUS Biofuels Production Biogas Biomethane Bioethanol Bioref.shortining Biodiesel Double-cropping (sequential cropping) Micro-algae and macro-algae Non-algae feedstock Biomass gasif.shortication – small-scale Biomass gasif.shortication and catalytic methanation Biomass gasif.shortication and biological methanation Biomass gasif.shortication and methanation Anaerobic digestion and CO two.old separation Anaerobic digestion and catalytic methanation with hydrogen Lignocellulosic Sugar and starch from agricultural crop Fatty acid methyl ester Hydrogenated vegetable oil Pyrolysis and upgrading Hydrothermal liquefaction and upgrading Gasif.shortication and Fischer-Tropsch Gasif.shortication and Fischer-Tropsch Gasif.shortication and Fischer-Tropsch with hydrogen enhancement Alcohol-to-jet Synthetic iso-paraf_f.shortins Micro-algae Anaerobic digestion Anaerobic digestion CCUS CCUS Gasif.shortication (syngas fermentation) Enzymatic fermentation CCUS Transesterif.shortication Hydrotreating Hydrothermal liquefaction and upgrading Synthetic hydrocarbon fuels Production Methane Liquid fuels Methane from hydrogen and CO two.old Liquid fuels from hydrogen and CO two.old Concentrating solar fuels CCUS CCUS Ammonia Transport Tanker Heat Generation Large-Scale heat pumps Solar thermal district heating Storage Latent heat storage Sensible heat storage Thermochemical heat storage Ice storage High-temperature Chemical reactions Sorption process Aqueous salt solution Infrastructure Integration Transmission Distribution Virtual inertia/fast frequency response Smart inverter Ultra-high voltage Flexible high-voltage grid Superconducting high-voltage Flexible alternating current transmission system Dynamic line rating Transactive energy Storage Battery storage Mechanical storage Redox f.shortlow Lithium-ion (grid-scale or behind-the-meter) Flywheel Pumped storage Compressed air energy storage Liquid air energy storage Power Generation Solar Wind Hydropower Geothermal Nuclear Coal Natural gas or coal Natural gas Biomass Hydrogen Ammonia Ocean Tidal Photovoltaic Solar thermal electricity Onshore Airborne wind energy system Of_fshore Dry steam Flash process Organic rankine cycle Kalina process Enhanced geothermal system Large-scale light-water reactor Sodium-cooled fast reactor High-temperature reactor and very high-temperature reactor Light water reactor-based small modular reactor Fusion CCUS CCUS CCUS CCUS Hydrogen-f.shortired gas turbine High-temperature fuel cell Hybrid fuel cell-gas turbine system Co-f.shortiring in coal power plant Cracking into hydrogen for gas turbine Ammonia turbine Ocean thermal Ocean wave Salinity gradient Tidal stream/ocean current Tidal range Crystalline silicon Thin-f.shortilm PV Concentrated PV Multi-junction cell Organic thin-f.shortilm solar cell Perovskite solar cell Floating solar PV Solar tower Parabolic trough Linear fresnel ref.shortlector Seabed f.shortixed of_fshore wind turbine Floating of_fshore wind turbine Floating hybrid energy platform Post-combustion/chemical absorption Post-combustion/membranes polymeric Oxy-fuel Pre-combustion/physical absorption Chemical looping combustion Supercritical CO two.old cycle Post-combustion/chemical absorption Pre-combustion/physical absorption Post-combustion/chemical absorption ENERGY TRANSFORMATION Ref.shortining Production Process heaters, hydrogen production CCUSFluid catalytic cracker CCUS Post-combustion Oxy-fuel Ammonia Production Biomass-based Fossil- or biomass-based Electrolytic hydrogen-based produced with variable renewables Gasif.shortication CCUS Chemical absorption Physical absorption Physical adsorption Methanol Production Biomass-based Fossil- or biomass-based Fossil-based Electrolytic hydrogen-based produced with variable renewables Gasf.shortication CCUS Methane pyrolysis Chemical absorption Physical absorption Physical adsorption Ethylene Production Biomass-based Bioethanol route Fermentation Lignocellulosic gasif.shortication Benzene, toluene and xylenes Production Biomass-based Methanol-based Lignin High value chemicals Production Fossil- or biomass-based CCUS Steam cracker electrif.shortication Naptha catalytic cracking Chemical absorption Physical absorption Iron and steel Production Manufacturing Blast furnace Smelting reduction Direct reduced iron Ore electrolysis Hydrogen enrichment + CO two.old removal uni2192 use of works arising gases Partial electrolytic hydrogen replacement of injected coal Partial torref.shortied biomass replacement of injected coal CCU Enhanced smelting reduction Smelting reduction based on hydrogen plasma CCUS Reduction using solely electrolytic hydrogen Based on natural gas with high levels of electrolytic hydrogen blending Low temperature alkaline electrolysis (110°C) High temperature molten oxide electrolysis ( 1500°C) Reducing metal forming losses and lightweighting CCUS Conversion of steel works arising gases to fuel Conversion of steel works arising gases to chemicals CCUS Chemical absorption Physical adsorption Additive manufacturing Cement Production End-of-life Cement kiln Grinding Raw material Concrete curing Unhydrated cement recycling Concrete f.shortines recycling CCUS Electrif.shortication (direct) Electrolytic calcium carbonate decarbonation Partial use of hydrogen Direct heat from variable renewables Advanced grinding technologies Alternative cement constituents Alternative binding material CO two.old sequestration in inert carbonate materials Chemical absorption, partial capture rates (less than 20%) Chemical absorption (full capture rates) Calcium