双面组件的标定和型式认可要求-李宁达

李宁达 Michael Li 太阳能 /燃料电池技术服务 莱 茵技术（上海）有限公司 双面组件的标定和型式认可要求 TÜV Rheinland – Business Solutions for Solar Energy Worldwide 13.11.2018 2 Our global network for PV Business Quality, safety and reliability around the world  20,000 employees worldwide 全 球 20000雇员  35 years experience in PV module testing and power plant inspections 在光伏组件测试和光伏电站检验领域拥 有 35年经验  250 Solar Experts 250位光伏专家  6 PV Laboratories 6个光伏实验室  5 Outdoor Test Sites in different climates 5个气候 不同 的户外测试基地 Outlook for bifacial technology in the future 双面技术的未来展望 13.11.2018 3 International Technology Roadmap for Photovoltaic Results 2016 incl. maturity report， ITRPV (2018) Agenda overview 内容概览 13.11.2018 4 Introduction of bifacial PV modules 双面组件介绍 Introduction of Bifacial STC (BSTC) 双面标准测试条件 介绍 Introduction of related standards and IV measurement of Bifacial PVs at TÜV Rheinland 相关标准及 TÜV莱 茵双面组件 IV测试 介绍 Stricter safety tests and certificating for bifacial module 加严的安全测试以 及双面组件的认证 Agenda overview 内容概览 13.11.2018 5 Introduction of bifacial PV modules 双面组件介绍 Introduction of Bifacial STC (BSTC) 双面标准测试条件 介绍 Introduction of related standards and IV measurement of Bifacial PVs at TÜV Rheinland 相关标准及 TÜV莱 茵双面组件 IV测试 介绍 Stricter safety tests and certificating for bifacial module 加严的安全测试以 及双面组件的认证 Introduction of bifacial PV modules 双面光伏组件简介 13.11.2018 6 Bifacial solar cell 双 面太阳能电池片 Power generation from both sides 双 面发电 High integrated efficiency 光 电转换率高 Low LID effect (for n-type) 低光诱导衰减效应 (n-型电池 ) Courtesy of C.Reise, TÜV Rheinland-Sandia PV monitoring and modeling workshop, Fraunhofer ISE, Cologne, October 2015 h.a.l.m. (2015) Double trouble PV magazine 04.2015 pp. 94 Advantages 优势 Disadvantages 劣势 • Higher contribution on array yield 产电量较高 • Better appearance 组件更美观 • Flexibility in application 应用灵活 • Potential on technology improvement 技术提升的潜力 • Higher cost 成本较高 • Uncertainty for system design and end-user 对系统设计和终端用户的不确 定性 Agenda overview 内容概览 13.11.2018 7 Introduction of bifacial PV modules 双面组件介绍 Introduction of Bifacial STC (BSTC) 双面标准测试条件 介绍 Introduction of related standards and IV measurement of Bifacial PVs at TÜV Rheinland 相关标准及 TÜV莱 茵双面组件 IV测试 介绍 Stricter safety tests and certificating for bifacial module 加严的安全测试以 及双面组件的认证 Irradiance: sun, sky Mounting construction Module quality Height to horizontal ground Tilt angle Ground albedo Key factors affecting performance and energy yield 性能和产电量的主要影响因素 13.11.2018 8 辐照 度 安装条件 组件质量 倾斜角度 地面反射率 离 地高度 Irradiance: sun, sky Mounting construction Module quality Height to horizontal ground Tilt angle Ground albedo Key factors affecting performance and energy yield 性能和产电量的主要影响因素 13.11.2018 9 辐照 度 安装条件 组件质量 离 地高度 倾斜角度 地面反射率 IEC 60904-3: STC and reference spectral irradiance STC和参考光谱辐照度 13.11.2018 10 • Module temperature 组件温度 : 25° C • Total irradiance总辐照度 : 1000 W/m² • Angle of Incidence入射角度 : 0° • Spectral irradiance 光谱辐照度 : AM 1.5G spectral irradiance as defined in IEC 60904-3 The performance data of PV modules are commonly referred to the internationally agreed “Standard Test Conditions 标准测试条件 (STC)”. Earth surface Atmosphere Zenith Zenith angle 48° AM 1 37° Test area 天顶角 大气层 地球表面 测试区域 IEC 60904-3 defines the reference solar spectral irradiance as the result of a computer simulation carried out by SMARTS.  Direct and diffuse light components 直射和散射  No surrounding obstacles, or shading 无周边干扰物或者遮挡  37° tilted surface 37° 倾斜角  0.21 ground reflectance albedo (light sandy soil) 0.21地表反射  370 ppm CO2 volume mixing ratio (no pollution) 370ppm CO2 浓度  1.4164 cm atmospheric water contant 大气 水含量  0.3438 atm-cm atmospheric ozone content 臭氧含量  0.084 turbidity at 500 nm (aerosol optical depth) 气溶胶光学厚度  1 atm at sea level 一个大气压强 背面辐照度的定义 11 Field parameter 参数 Bifacial reference condition 针对双面组件的参考条件 Beam 𝜑𝑉𝑜𝑐 = 𝑉𝑜𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑉𝑜𝑐 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑡 ; 𝜑𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑡 ; 𝜑 = 𝑀𝑖𝑛(𝜑𝐼𝑠𝑐, 𝜑𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥); 3. I-V characterization I-V测试 Indoor: at “equivalent” irradiance levels, 𝐺𝐸𝑖 (3 levels) 等效辐照 度 𝐺𝐸𝑖 = 1000𝑊𝑚−2 +𝜑 ∙𝐺𝑅𝑖 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑖 = 1,2,3,… Verification of BSTC values on the rated label (Gate 1) 铭牌 BSTC参数验证 (Gate 1) 13.11.2018 18 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 (BSTC) 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 (BSTC) 𝑉𝑜𝑐 (BSTC) 𝐼𝑠𝑐 (BSTC) 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 (BSTC) for minimum power class                   100 %–1NP 100 %1L a b )(1 )m a x ( )(1 )m a x ( B S T C B S T C B S T C B S T C tPmP      NP100 %1L a b )m a x ()(1)m a x ( B S T CB S T CB S T C PmP                          100 %1NP 100 %1L a b )(2 o c ( B S T C ) )(2 o c ( B S T C ) B S T CB S T C tVmV                    1 0 0 %1NP 1 0 0 %1L a b )(3 sc ( B S T C ) )(3 sc ( B S T C ) B S T CB S T C tImI                    100 %1NP 100 %1L a b )(1 )m a x ( )(1 )m a x ( B S T C B S T C B S T C B S T C tPmP Example of nameplate design for bifacial PV modules 双面组件的铭牌设计举例 13.11.2018 19 Electrical Data STC BSTC Nominal Power 300 W (±3%, k=2) 330 W (±3.5%, k=2) Rated Voltage (Vmpp) 30.8 V 31.0 V Rated Current (Impp) 9.20 A 10.10 A Open-Circuit Voltage (Voc) 38.5 V (±1%, k=2) 39.0 V (±1.2%, k=2) Short-Circuit Current (Isc) 9.40 A (±2.8%, k=2) 10.20 A (±3%, k=2) Bifaciality (φ) 0.7 (±0.05, k=2) Maximum System Voltage 1000 V DC Maximum Series Fuse 20 A Power Temp Coef. (Pmpp) -0.4% / K Voltage Temp Coef. (Voc) -0.31% / K Current Temp Coef. (Isc) 0.05% / K STC: AM1.5G; Temp. = 25oC; Irradiance = 1000 W/m2 BSTC: AM1.5G; Temp. = 25oC; Irradiance = 1000+ φ·135 W/m2 Example of nameplate design for bifacial PV modules 双面组件的铭牌设计举例 13.11.2018 20 Electrical Data STC BSTC Nominal Power 300 W (±3%, k=2) 330 W (±3.5%, k=2) Rated Voltage (Vmpp) 30.8 V 31.0 V Rated Current (Impp) 9.20 A 10.10 A Open-Circuit Voltage (Voc) 38.5 V (±1%, k=2) 39.0 V (±1.2%, k=2) Short-Circuit Current (Isc) 9.40 A (±2.8%, k=2) 10.20 A (±3%, k=2) Bifaciality (φ) 0.7 (±0.05, k=2) Maximum System Voltage 1000 V DC Maximum Series Fuse 20 A Power Temp Coef. (Pmpp) -0.4% / K Voltage Temp Coef. (Voc) -0.31% / K Current Temp Coef. (Isc) 0.05% / K STC: AM1.5G; Temp. = 25oC; Irradiance = 1000 W/m2 BSTC: AM1.5G; Temp. = 25oC; Irradiance = 1000+ φ·135 W/m2 Agenda overview 内容概览 13.11.2018 21 Introduction of bifacial PV modules 双面组件介绍 Introduction of Bifacial STC (BSTC) 双面标准测试条件 介绍 Introduction of related standards and IV measurement of Bifacial PVs at TÜV Rheinland 相关标准及 TÜV莱 茵双面组件 IV测试 介绍 Stricter safety tests and certificating for bifacial module 加严的安全测试以 及双面组件的认证 Certification for bifacial PV module 双 面组件的认证 双面组件的型式认可 需满足 IEC的认证要求和 2PfG的要求 13.11.2018 22 IEC 61215: 2016 and IEC 61730: 2016 Enough confidence with stricter safety tests 2PfG 2645/11.17: Supplementary Power Rating of Bifacial Photovoltaic (PV) Modules 2PfG 2665/06.18: Additional Testing Requirements of Bifacial Photovoltaic (PV) Modules Certification for bifacial PV module 双 面组件的认证 13.11.2018 23 2018年 10月在韩国釜山的 IEC TC82 WG2工作 组会议中， TÜV莱茵牵头开发以双面标准测试条件（ BSTC）为核心的双面组 件标 定（ 2PfG 2645/11.17） 和 可靠性验证测试方 法（ 2PfG 2665/06.18） 得 到了与会专家们的肯定，最终会议决定接收来自 TÜV莱茵关于双面组件的 2PfG标准作为后续标准修订的参考依 据。 Reported Field Failures for Bifacial Modules 双面组件失效类型的汇总 13.11.2018 24 Reported Field Failures for Bifacial Modules 双面组件失效类型的汇总 13.11.2018 25 Reliability Excessive working current? LID FF Loss Bypass Diode Hot-spot? Glass / Frame Breakage Effect of Albedo on Total Irradiance: MoFi Vs. BiFi 反射对总辐照度的影响：单面 VS双面 13.11.2018 26 Wet Soil Grass Concrete Sand Old Snow Fresh Snow AM1.5G This work 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 To tal Irr adia nc e [W/m2 ] Albedo MoFi BiFi Test Sequence: 2PfG 2665/06.18 相 关测试项目的补充测试条件 13.11.2018 27 Combined Test Sequence: IEC 61215 & 61730 相 关测试项目的补充测试条件 13.11.2018 28 Bypass diode thermal test MQT 18/MST 25 Hot-spot endurance test MQT 09/MST 22 MQT01 MQT18.2 Reverse current overload test MST 26 Temperature test MST 21 MST01 MST17 MST16 MQT15 MQT03 Thermal cycling test (200 cycles) MQT 11/MST 51 MST01 MST17 MST16 Thermal cycling test (50 cycles) MQT 11/MST 51 MST01 MST16 MST01 MST17 MST16 MQT01 MQT15 MQT03 MQT02 Test items influenced 针对双面加严的相关测试项目 13.11.2018 29  更高电流可靠性测试验证对应的等效辐照度 GE = 1000W/m2 + φ·300W/m2 Current application in relevant tests is revised as follows to account for GE = 1000W/m2 + φ·300W/m2  Pass/Fail criteria still based on BSTC measurement (1000 + φ·135 W/m²)  功率衰减的通过和失败的判据基于正面的 BSTC条件测量的功率衰减结果 测试项目 单面光伏组件 双面光伏组件 应用的 Impp → Impp@GE MST 21 – 温度测试 接近 Impp 数值的电流 接近 Impp@GE 数值的电流 MQT 11/ MST 51 – 热循环测试 在测试序列中应用 Impp 在测试序列中应用 Impp@GE MQT 09/ MST 22 – 热斑耐久测试 在选择热斑敏感电池片和遮挡率时应用 Impp 在选择热斑敏感电池片和遮挡率时应用 Impp@GE 应用的 Isc → Isc@GE MQT 18/ MST 25 – 旁路二极管测试 应用的电流： - 1st h @ Isc - 2nd h @ Isc × 1.25 应用的电流： - 1st h @ Isc@GE - 2nd h @ Isc@GE × 1.25 相关测试 MST 26 – 反向电流过载测试 生产商声明的 IR ×1.35 如果 (n-1) × Isc@GE × 1.25 × 1.35 值更高的情况 下应采用该值 其中 n 为组件串最大可并联数量 Example Results – Bypass Diode Test （二极管测试） 13.11.2018 30 MQT 18/ MST 25 – Bypass diode test 二极管测试 D1 [℃ ] D2 [℃ ] D3 [℃ ] Tcase Isc 88.8 96.2 92.2 Isc@GE 98.5 105.0 101.2 ΔΤ +9.67 +8.83 +9.09 Tjunction Isc 95.8 104.8 105.9 Isc@GE 129.6 135.8 137.6 ΔΤ +33.8 +31.0 +31.7 where GE = 1000W/m2 + φ·300W/m2 1h at Isc x1.25 1h at Isc@GE x1.25 Tcase=135.0°C Tcase=118.4°C  测 试数据基于不同生产商以及不同类型的双面组件 ，测试分别 Isc 和 Isc@GE两种条件下进行  测试结果均符合当前标准的判定要求  从测试数据上来看，双面条件下二极管结温普遍升高至多 20-30°C 可以预见随着组件的工作电流越来越大，测试过程会越来越严酷