【PVPMC】阿特斯阳光-赵长瑞-双相HSAT系统的光线跟踪精确阴影因子和失配损失分析

CSIQ NASDAQ Listed SHADING FACTOR MISMATCH LOSS EVALUATION FOR BIFACIAL MODULE WITH VARIOUS RACKING TYPEChangrui ZHAO, Jianwei XIAO, Baohua HE Yuanjie YU, Jean-Nicolas JAUBERTSystem Technology center13 th PVPMC Workshop, Dec 9th 2019 2Canadian Solar Inc. Modeling methodology introduction02 Shading factor and mismatch loss evaluation0304 Conclusion Bifacial technology overview01 3Canadian Solar Inc. 2017/5First commercial talks on bifacial module BiKu 2018/4Trial productionFirst customer delivery 2018/8 2018/12 2019/1Canadian Solar driving the bifacial tide170MWp own bifacial projects completed (China)300MWp bifacial module milestone Delivering first 250MWp overseas order 2017/1220kW demo site installed in Changshu 2018/5 2019/11 Bifacial module shipping900MWp milestoneCanadian Solar Energy group: all new projects designed for bifacial 4Canadian Solar Inc.Merging of 4 unique technologies Canadian Solar bifacial modules – BiKu/BiHiKu advantagesWorldwide 1st manufacturer to offer double glass bifacial poly moduleBifacial cell Double glassKu dual cell P4 PERC poly Front Rear144 cells, 992x2022 mm 360 ~ 370 W157’ cells 144 cells, 1048x2132 mm 400 ~ 410 W166’ cellsBiKu BiHiKu 5Canadian Solar Inc. Canadian Solar bifacial testing sites – Bifacial gains Changshu 24kWBiKu, SAT 1P Albedo ~0.25Diffuse ratio ~58% 8.9%12 monthsSANDIA 11kWBiKu, SAT 1PAlbedo ~0.2 5.2%3 months Wuhai 150kWBiKu, SAT 1PAlbedo ~0.28Diffuse ratio ~54% 6.2%10 months4.0%11 months7.7%4 monthsMojave Desert 22kWBiKu, SAT 1PAlbedo ~0.3Diffuse ratio ~30% U.S. ChinaBITEC 18kWBiKu, SAT 2PAlbedo ~0.2 / 0.66.4 - 15.6%7 months Wuhai 150kWBiKu, FixedAlbedo ~0.27Diffuse ratio ~54% Changshu 12kWBiKu, SAT 1PAlbedo ~0.5516.9%6 monthsSuzhou 80kWBiKu/BiHiKu, FixedAlbedo ~0.6-0.7/0.25Diffuse ratio ~58% Darlington ~2MW BiHiKu, SAT 1PAlbedo ~0.3 Planning constructionLast update: 2019/11/24 CompletedOn-goingConstructionCFV 14kWBiHiKu, SAT 1PAlbedo ~0.285.3%3 months Boulder 80kWBiKu, SAT 1PAlbedo ~0.3 7.1%7 months 9-12%BiKu-3 month AustraliaWuhai 2.8MWBiKu, FixedAlbedo ~0.27Diffuse ratio ~54%5.3%BiHiKu-3 month6.9%10 months 6Canadian Solar Inc. Modeling methodology introduction02 Shading factor and mismatch loss evaluation0304 Conclusion Bifacial technology overview01 7Canadian Solar Inc. Modeling methodology introduction – OverviewPVmismatch Tool Backwards Ray tracing Mismatch loss @ time tArray IV curve (t) Irradiance profile (t) Methodology pro:• Gives irradiance inhomogeneity in 3D, racking system detailed features shading effect are taken into account.Annual Energyloss With Torque tubeAnnual ShadingfactorPVsyst ShadingfactorPVsyst Mismatchloss factorElectrical MismatchLossPVmismatch tool: Open source codes available on GitHub, Sunpower 8Canadian Solar Inc. Modeling methodology introduction – Calculation flow N is the number of hourly data points of the whole year, excluding rear irradiance ≤15W/m2 when calculating mismatch loss.To reduce computation time, representative days and cell rows can be properly selected through the year instead. Different system scenarios + 3D model Location - EPW weather fileTracking angle data Yearly mismatch loss calculationSimulated hourly front and rear irradiances with tube/pier/rail shading Synthetic Irradiance = front irradiance + rear irradiance × bifaciality factorSystem IV curve for each time stamp  Maximum Power Point (MPP) Cell front I-V STC production data Random samplingSimulated hourly front and rear irradiances without tube/pier/rail shadingYearly shading factor calculationDIVA-for-Rhino 9Canadian Solar Inc. Representative row/module/cells are selected for modeling to reduce modeling time.Modeling methodology introduction – Modeling target surface selection 10Canadian Solar Inc. Modeling methodology introduction – Data process method selection Method B is a time-saving way to provide accurate results 0 .0 %2 .0 %4 .0 %6 .0 %8 .0 %1 0 .0 %1 2 .0 %1 4 .0 % 0 2 0 0 4 0 0 6 0 0 8 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 0Shading Factor GHI (W/m2 )Hourly shading factor comparison Method AMethod B Location System Albedo Item Method A(365 days) Method B(36 days)Golmud, CN HSAT, One Portrait 0.6 Shading Factor 7.0% 7.1%Mismatch Loss 0.60% 0.61% -6 0-5 0-4 0-3 0-2 0-1 00 0 2 0 0 4 0 0 6 0 0 8 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 0Mismatch Power Loss (W) GHI (w/m2 )Hourly mismatch loss comparison Method AMethed B 11Canadian Solar Inc. Modeling methodology introduction02 Shading factor and mismatch loss evaluation0304 Conclusion Bifacial technology overview01 12Canadian Solar Inc. Shading factor and mismatch loss calculation- Various system racking 01 020403 System RackingType Fixed rackingFixed racking-2 Portrait (2P) Fixed racking-3 Landscape (3L) HSAT-2 Portrait (2P) HSAT-1 Portrait (1P) 13Canadian Solar Inc. HSAT 1P: Tube-Module distance impact on shading factor and mismatch lossShading factor varies from 5.6% to 7.8%, mismatch loss is from 0.24% to 0.94% during albedo range 0.2~0.6.Mismatch loss is more sensitive to tube-module distance than shading factor with Albedo increaseModule Height 1.5mDistance 50mmGround Torque TubePost 5.6% 7.4% 7.8%0.0%2.0%4.0%6.0%8.0%10.0%Shading Factor (Yearly) AlbedoShading Factor Under Different Albedo 0.2 0.4 0.60.24% 0.50% 0.94%0.0%0.2%0.4%0.6%0.8%1.0%Mismatch Loss (Yearly) AlbedoMismatch Loss Under Different Albedo0.2 0.4 0.6 14Canadian Solar Inc. HSAT 1P: Array height impact on shading factor and mismatch lossThe height 2m has similar trend and result with height 1.5m, can increase module backside irradiation, but has no obvious contribution to improvement of module backside irradiance uniformity. 5.6% 7.4% 7.8%6.5% 7.8% 8.1% 0.0%2.0%4.0%6.0%8.0%10.0%Shading Factor (Yearly) AlbedoShading Factor Under Different Albedo H 1.5mH 2.0m0.2 0.4 0.60.24% 0.50% 0.94%0.23% 0.47% 0.93% 0.0%0.2%0.4%0.6%0.8%1.0%Mismatch Loss (Yearly) AlbedoMismatch Loss Under Different AlbedoH 1.5mH 2.0m0.2 0.4 0.6 Distance 50mmModule Height 2m GroundTorque TubePostDistance 50mm Height 1.5m Module 15Canadian Solar Inc. HSAT 2P: Tube-Module distance and purlin length impact Traditional U shape connection Recommended I shape connection Connection topology Row 1Row 2 Row 1 Row 2 Distance 100mmSystem configurationHeight 2.35m Torque TubeModule 1 Module 2GroundPostDistance 50mmPurlin length 2.5mPurlin length 3.5m Gap150mm 16Canadian Solar Inc. Note: Purlin length 3.5m Distance 100mm without purlinShading factor is not sensitive to tube-module distance under Albedo≥0.4 condition.Mismatch loss is almost same under different tube-module distance and Albedo.Distance 50mm with purlin Distance 100mm with purlin HSAT 2P: Tube-Module distance impact on shading factor and mismatch loss Rear side irradiance distributionTubeT ubeTube7.1% 6.9% 7.3%5.7% 6.9% 7.6%0.0%2.0%4.0%6.0%8.0%10.0%Shading Factor ( Yearly ) AlbedoShading Factor Under Different Albedo DistanceDistance 50mmDistance 100mm0.2 0.4 0.60.18% 0.19% 0.20%0.22% 0.22% 0.23%0.00%0.10%0.20%0.30%Mismatch Loss (Year) AlbedoMismatch Loss Under Different Albedo DistanceDistance 50mmDistance 100mm0.2 0.4 0.6 17Canadian Solar Inc. Shading factor will increase about 0.8% when purlin length change from 2.5m to 3.5m under different Albedo.Mismatch Loss is not sensitive to purlin length under different albedo condition.No Purlin Purlin length 2.5mPurlin length 3.5m HSAT 2P: Purlin length impact on shading factor and mismatch loss Note: Purlin height 100mm Rear side irradiance distributionTubeTube Tube4.9% 6.1% 6.8%5.7% 6.9% 7.6%0.0%2.0%4.0%6.0%8.0%Shading Factor (Yearly) AlbedoShading Factor Under Different Albedo Purlin lengthPurlin length 2.5mPurlin length 3.5m0.2 0.4 0.6 0.22% 0.21% 0.23%0.22% 0.22% 0.23%0.20%0.21%0.22%0.23%0.24%0.25%Mismatch Loss (Yearly) AlbedoMismatch Loss Under Different Albedo Purlin length Purlin length 2.5mPurlin length 3.5m0.2 0.4 0.6 18Canadian Solar Inc. HSAT 1P Vs. 2P: Shading factor and mismatch loss resultShading factor: 2 portrait has smaller value than 1 portrait under Albedo range 0.2~0.6.Mismatch loss: 2 portrait has more and more advantage than 1 portrait with increased Albedo, 1P Vs. 2P Height 2.35mGap 100mmModule 1 Torque Tube Module 2GroundHeight 1.5mGap 50mmGroundTorque TubeModule 5.6% 7.4% 7.8% 4.9% 6.1% 6.8%0.0%2.0%4.0%6.0%8.0%10.0%Shading Factor (Yearly) AlbedoShading Factor Under Different Albedo 1 Portrait2 Portrait0.60.2 0.4 0.24% 0.50% 0.94%0.22% 0.21% 0.23%0.0%0.2%0.4%0.6%0.8%1.0%Mismatch Loss (Yearly) AlbedoMismatch Loss Under Different Albedo1 Portrait2 Portrait 0.60.2 0.4 19Canadian Solar Inc. Fixed racking 2P: Shading factor and mismatch loss resultShading factor/Mismatch loss : height 0.5m has similar trend and result with 1.0m under different Albedo.Increased height can obviously boost backside irradiance.Rail Rear side irradiance distributionHeight 0.5m/Albedo 0.6 Cell Row: Vertical 48 cells for the analysisHeight 1.0m/Albedo 0.6Bottom Top Top Bottom 17.8% 18.6% 20.0%17.9% 19.4% 20.2% 10.0%15.0%20.0%25.0%Shading Factor (Yearly) AlbedoShading Factor Under Different Albedo HeightHeight 0.5mHeight 1.0m0.2 0.4 0.6 0.14% 0.16% 0.17%0.16% 0.16% 0.16%0.0%0.1%0.2%0.3%Mismatch Loss (Yearly) AlbedoMismatch Loss Under Different Albedo HeightHeight 0.5mHeight 1.0m0.2 0.4 0.6 20Canadian Solar Inc. Fixed racking 3L: Shading factor and mismatch loss resultShading factor /Mismatch loss : height 0.5m has higher value than 1.0m under different Albedo.Increased height can obviously increase backside irradiance.Rail Down Rear side irradiance distributionHeight 0.5m/Albedo 0.6Cell Row: Vertical 18 cells for the analysisHeight 1.0m/Albedo 0.6Top Top Down 10.4% 10.3% 10.4%9.3% 9.6% 8.6%0.0%5.0%10.0%15.0%Shading Factor (Yearly) AlbedoShading Factor Under Different Albedo HeightHeight 0.5mHeight 1.0m0.2 0.4 0.6 0.26% 0.32% 0.47%0.18% 0.20% 0.21%0.0%0.1%0.2%0.3%0.4%0.5%Mismatch Loss (Yearly) AlbedoMismatch Loss Under Different Albedo HeightHeight 0.5mHeight 1.0m0.2 0.4 0.6Height 21Canadian Solar Inc. Modeling methodology introduction02 Shading factor and mismatch loss evaluation0304 Conclusion Bifacial technology overview01 22Canadian Solar Inc. Conclusions and Next stepConclusions Next step• Effect of cell/module temperature will be considered into mismatch loss calculation. 5.6% 4.9% 17.8% 8.6%8.1% 7.6% 20.2% 10.4%0.0%5.0%10.0%15.0%20.0%25.0%Shading factor (Yearly) Shading factor range (Albedo: 0.2~0.6)HSAT1P HSAT2P Fixed 2P Fixed 3L 0.23% 0.18% 0.14% 0.18%0.94% 0.23% 0.17% 0.47%0.0%0.2%0.4%0.6%0.8%1.0%Mismatch loss (Yearly) Mismatch loss range (Albedo: 0.2~0.6)HSAT1P HSAT2P Fixed 2P Fixed 3L• HSAT 1 portrait: shading factor and mismatch loss is not sensitive to array height, mismatch loss is sensitive to Albedo.• HSAT 2 portrait: backside irradiance is still affected by torque tube, purlin, post, so shading factor can not be 0%, has more advantage than 1 portrait under Albedo≥0.4 condition. • Fixed racking: shading factor is much higher than HSAT system. 23Canadian Solar Inc. INNOVATIONS MAKE THE DIFFERENCE2019/12 24Canadian Solar Inc. Back-up slides 25Canadian Solar Inc. Various simulation tool comparison: NREL VF Vs. NREL Raytracing Vs. CSI RaytracingNREL Raytracing and CSI Raytracing tool have almost same result for backside irradiance and mismatch loss that are lower than NREL VF result. 0.28% 0.24% 0.23%0.00%0.10%0.20%0.30%Mismatch loss Mismatch loss comparison based on different toolNRELView Factor NREL Raytracing CSI RaytracingSimulation input:System: HSATWeather data: EPW/One day July 20 th Others: Albedo 0.60500 1000150020002500 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24Backside Irradiance (Wh/m2) RowNREL VF NREL Raytracing CSI RaytracingNREL VF_ToolNREL Raytracing_ToolCSI Raytracing_Tool 26Canadian Solar Inc.Effect of Torque-Tube Parameters on Rear-Irradiance and Rear-Shading Loss for Bifacial PV Performance on 1-Axis Tracking SystemsSilvana Ayala Peláez, Chris Deline, Joshua S. Stein(Sandia National Labs), Bill Marion, Kevin Anderson (Cypress Creek Renewables), and Matthew Muller46th IEEE PVSC, June 16-21, 2019, Chicago, Illinois Electrical mismatch loss vs. Mismatch loss factor