晶科-双面组件功率标定及户外发电研究

JinkoSolar Co., Ltd. 双面组件功率标定及户外发电量研究 IV charaterization and Field energy output of Bifacial modules 2018/10 组件研发 Module R&D 目录/Contents  双面组件I-V测试现状 I-V measurement of bifacial modules I-V测试方法现状 current I-V test method 铭牌要求现状 nameplate request 双面产品I-V标定建议 I-V calibration suggestion on bifacial production 组件功率标定Module power calibration indoor 电池效率标定Cell efficiency calibration indoor 组件综合功率评测分析Module equivalent power test and analysis indoor 双面组件户外发电分析 Field energy output of bifacial modules 工作电流电压 Working current and voltage 实证发电量（固定支架/平单轴）Field test data (Fixed rack/ Single-axis tracking) 系统配置分析System collocation analysis PVsyst模拟发电量（固定支架/平单轴） Field energy simulation based on PVsyst (Fixed rack/ Single-axis tracking) 双面组件背面遮挡影响分析 Influence of Rear shading on bifacial modules 接触遮挡与非接触遮挡 Touching and un-touching shading 背面遮挡对背面功率影响Influence of rear shading on rear Pmax 背面遮挡对工作温度影响Influence of rear shading on working temperature 支架遮挡对发电量影响Influence of rear rack shading on Field energy output 减小背面遮挡的经济性分析Economic analysis of diminishing rear shading Summary-1  双面组件I-V测试现状 Current I-V test of bifacial modules  双面因子，遮挡非受光面，STC下测试得到  综合功率，双面打光得到；或等同辐照度下，测试正面得到；或理论计算得到  组件铭牌，莱茵/UL/CQC等机构，要求各部相同  With the side of no-irradiated shaded, bifacility measured under STC condition  Equivalent Pmaxmeasured with double-side illumination, or under equivalent front irradiance with single-side illumination, or calculated  Different nameplate requirements from different agencies, such as TUV Rheinland, UL, CQC 1.1、I-V测试方法现状 Current I-V test method  电性能评测I-V test method  双面因子，遮挡背面，STC下，测试正背面得到  综合功率，双面打光得到；或等同辐照度下，测试正面得到；或理论计算得到  With the rear side shaded, bifacility measured  equivalent Pmax measured with double-side illumination, or under equivalent front irradiance with single-side illumination, or calculated 编号 分类 依据标准 测试条件 1 STC IEC 60904-1 25℃，AM1.5，正面1000W/m2，背面遮黑布 2 Outdoor IEC 60904-1-2 25℃，AM1.5，正面1000W/m2+背面G Ri 3 Indoor with single-side illumination IEC 60904-1-2 25℃，AM1.5，正面(1000+φ*G Ri )W/m2，背面遮黑布 4 Indoor with double-side illumination) IEC 60904-1-2 25℃，AM1.5，正面1000W/m2+背面G Ri Pmax(STC)+BiFi*G （理论计算）  STC测试 确定双面因子φ Bifacial factor Indoor 测试(单光 源) 确定综合功率 Equivalent power G=1000W/m2+φ* G R Outdoor测试 确定综合功率 Equivalent power Indoor 测试(双光 源) 确定综合功率 Equivalent power G Ri =0,50,100W/m2G F =1000W/m2 5 In practice IEC 60904-1-2 Ri BiFi为上述Pmax(3)与G R 关系曲线线性拟合而得 备注：双面因子φ=Min(φIsc，φPmax)；G Ri =0，50，100，150，200，250，300W/m2 1.2、铭牌要求现状 Nameplate request  各认证机构要求，对双面产品的铭牌，要求各不相同 Nameplate requests from different institutes are different TUV莱茵Rheinland CQC UL 目录/Contents  双面组件I-V测试现状 I-V measurement of bifacial modules I-V测试方法现状 current I-V test method 铭牌要求现状 nameplate request 双面产品I-V标定建议 I-V calibration suggestion on bifacial production 组件功率标定Module power calibration indoor 电池效率标定Cell efficiency calibration indoor 组件综合功率评测分析Module equivalent power test and analysis indoor 双面组件户外发电分析 Field energy output of bifacial modules 工作电流电压 Working current and voltage 实证发电量（固定支架/平单轴）Field test data (Fixed rack/ Single-axis tracking) 系统配置分析System collocation analysis PVsyst模拟发电量（固定支架/平单轴） Field energy simulation based on PVsyst (Fixed rack/ Single-axis tracking) 双面组件背面遮挡影响分析 Influence of Rear shading on bifacial modules 接触遮挡与非接触遮挡 Touching and un-touching shading 背面遮挡对背面功率影响Influence of rear shading on rear Pmax 背面遮挡对工作温度影响Influence of rear shading on working temperature 支架遮挡对发电量影响Influence of rear rack shading on Field energy output 减小背面遮挡的经济性分析Economic analysis of diminishing rear shading Summary-2 双面产品I-V标定建议I-V calibration suggestion on bifacial production 实验室，测试正面STC和双面因子；综合功率，背面按200W/m2，折算到正面测试得到（IEC61215-2018） 量产，只标定STC，综合功率理论计算（IEC60904-1-2）  In the lab, front Pmaxand bifacility measured under STC, and equivalent front power measured considering rear irradiance of 200W/m2 (IEC61215-2018)  Front STC power measured, and equivalent power calculated for mass production (IEC60904-1-2)  实验室，STC标定正面效率和双面因子，双面打光标定综合效率 量产，单面打光标定正面STC效率，同时约束双面因子公差 In the lab, front efficiency and bifacility measured under STC, and equivalent efficiency gotten with double-side  simulator  For mass production, front STC efficiency measured based on single-side simulator, and bifacial factor tolerance defined 提高正面辐照光强，将背面贡献折算到正面，测得Pmax与理论综合Pmax，偏差在0.5%内  Equivalent power, measured under higher front irradiance including rear irradiance, and the difference with calculated value from bifacility less than 0.5%. 2.1、双面产品I-V标定建议-组件功率标定 Module Power calibration indoor  实验室，测试正面STC和双面因子；综合功率，背面按200W/m2 （IEC61215-2018暂未统一），折算到正面测试得到 Front Pmax and bifacility measured under STC, and equivalent front power indoor gotten considering the rear irradiation of 200W/m2 (un-defined in IEC61215-2018)  量产，只测正面STC，综合功率理论计算（IEC60904-1-2） Front STC power measured and equivalent power calculated for mass production (IEC60904-1-2) G=1000W/m2+φ*200W/m2 光 源 双面组件铭牌要求（IEC61215-2018）Nameplate demand in IEC61215-2018 分类 内容 测试条件(依据IEC60904-1-2部分规定) 双面因子Φ Φ(Isc)，Φ(Voc), Φ(Pmax)，及其公差 25℃，AM1.5，正面1000W/m2，背面遮黑布 STC电性能 Pmax，Isc, Voc，及其公差 25℃，AM1.5，正面1000W/m2，背面遮黑布 综合电性能 综合Pmax，综合Isc，综合Voc，及其公差 25℃，AM1.5，正面1000+φ*G R ，背面遮黑布 其中，φ=min(φ Pmax ，φ Isc )，G R =max(200W/m2，G R(客户声称) ） 其它 组件类型，系统电压，熔断电流，制作商信息， 序列号，等 ——  实验室，STC下标定正面效率和双面因子；双面打光，标定综合效率 In the lab, front efficiency and bifacility measured under STC, and equivalent efficiency gotten with double-side simulator  量产，单面打光，标定正面STC效率，同时约束双面因子公差 For mass production, front STC efficiency based on single-side simulator, and defining the bifacial factor tolerance 2.2、双面产品I-V标定建议-电池效率标定 Cell efficiency calibration indoor 正面光源 Front Simulator 1000W/m2 正面光源 Front Simulator 1000W/m2 双面打光法Double-side simulator test 单面打光法Single-side simulator test 双面电池Bifacial cell 背面黑布 Rear blak cloth 背面光源Rear Simulator 200W/m2 ？ 双面电池Bifacial cell 输出： 综合效率 输出： 正面效率 双面因子 双面因子公差（±5%？） 2.3、双面产品I-V标定建议-综合功率测试分析 Equivalent power test and analysis indoor  提高正面辐照光强，将背面贡献折算到正面，测得的功率，与 计算综合功率的偏差在0.5%内 Equivalent power measured under higher front irradiance including rear irradiance, and the difference with calculated value from bifacility is less than 0.5% 60P-P型双面（φ=0.70）60P P-type Bifacial modules 综合Pmax（测试值） 综合Pmax（计算值） 差异分析 实测结果分析 Actual test results and analysis 光强(W/m2) Pmax(W) 光强(W/m2) Pmax(W) △综合Pmax(测试-计算)（W） △Pmax% 1000 291.26 正面1000/背面0 291.26 0.00 0.00% 1035 301.61 正面1000/背面50 300.36 1.25 0.42% 1070 310.10 正面1000/背面100 309.87 0.23 0.08% 1105 321.39 正面1000/背面150 320.10 1.29 0.40% 1140 331.13 正面1000/背面200 330.33 0.80 0.24% 备注：测试综合Pmax=正面Pmax（G F ，G F =1000,1035,1070,1105,1140）； 背面Pmax=背面Pmax（G E ，G E =0,50,100,150,200….）； 计算综合Pmax=正面Pmax(STC)+背面Pmax（G E ，G E =0,50,100,150,200….）。 目录/Contents  双面组件I-V测试现状 I-V measurement of bifacial modules I-V测试方法现状 current I-V test method 铭牌要求现状 nameplate request 双面产品I-V标定建议 I-V calibration suggestion on bifacial production 组件功率标定Module power calibration indoor 电池效率标定Cell efficiency calibration indoor 组件综合功率评测分析Module equivalent power test and analysis indoor 双面组件户外发电分析 Field energy output of bifacial modules 工作电流电压 Working current and voltage 实证发电量（固定支架/平单轴）Field test data (Fixed rack/ Single-axis tracking) 系统配置分析System collocation analysis PVsyst模拟发电量（固定支架/平单轴） Field energy simulation based on PVsyst (Fixed rack/ Single-axis tracking) 双面组件背面遮挡影响分析 Influence of Rear shading on bifacial modules 接触遮挡与非接触遮挡 Touching and un-touching shading 背面遮挡对背面功率影响Influence of rear shading on rear Pmax 背面遮挡对工作温度影响Influence of rear shading on working temperature 支架遮挡对发电量影响Influence of rear rack shading on Field energy output 减小背面遮挡的经济性分析Economic analysis of diminishing rear shading Summary-3 双面组件户外发电分析Field energy output of bifacial modules  根据安装方式，地面情况，双面组件发电量增益可达15~30%甚至更高  发电增益主要来自于组件输出电流增加  Energy gain could be 15~30% or higher for bifacial module based racking system and ground albedo  Energy gain mainly from increased module current  双面组件系统的逆变器等，需依据不同地面环境下发电增益，做合理的扩容配置  Inverter capacity should be matched accordingly 双面组件发电增益PVsyst理论分析Energy gain analysis in PVsyst  固定支架，高纬度区域低纬度区域  平单轴，低纬度区域高纬度区域  N型P型，且地面反射率越高，N型较P型优势越大  固定支架，双面组件最佳安装倾斜角~安装地纬度，安装高度建议≥1.2m  fixed rack, high latitudelow latitude  single-axis tracker, low latitude high latitude  N type higher than P type, specially with higher albedo  racking system should be at least 1.2m high  双面发电量，受安装地面环境/组件双面因子等综合影响； 背面增益，P型双面在4%-19%，N型双面在6%-24% Field energy output influenced by many environmental factors 2%-5% more energy of N-type bifacial VS. P-type bifacial 3.1、户外发电-实证（固定支架） Field test data on fixed rack 双面+固定支架发电增益(浙江海宁)  相对单面+固定支架，双面+平单轴，草地等低反射地面，发电增益15%-30%， P型~20%，N型~25% Even under ground of low albedo, such as grass, bifacial modules on single-axis tracker could generate 15%-30% more power than on fixed racker 3.2、户外发电量-实证（平单轴） Field data with single-axis tracking 双面+平单轴支架发电增益(浙江海 宁) 3.3、户外发电-工作电流电压 Field energy output-working current and voltage 双面组件，户外工作电流更高，对逆变器/汇流箱等提出了更高的要求 Inverter and combiner box with higher current-loading capacity needed for bifacial system Isc/A 40 45 PERC单晶 P型双面Voc/V 9 10 11 PERC单晶 P型双面 15 15 20 25 30 35 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3.4、户外发电-PVsyst模拟-1 Field energy output based on PVsystsimulation 软件版本 Pvsyst6.7.5 气象数据 MeteoNorm7.2 station 系统容量 100kw 组件参数 正面300W 逆变器 华为50kW 双面因子 N型双面0.9，P型双面0.71 Baseline-PERC单晶  PVsyst，可对光伏组件户外发电量进行理论模拟和分析，可指导系统安装 PVsystcould give the mounting suggestions based on the simulation of bifacial systems 参数信息地点选择 软件设置/Software setting 支架倾角 当地最佳倾角 离地高度 固定：1.5m， 平单中心：2.1m 软件设置 3.4、户外发电-PVsyst模拟-2 Field energy output based on PVsystsimulation  固定支架，不同地面，双面增益，实证较模拟高2%-3% 2%-3% more energy of field test on fixed rack VS. PVsyst simulation 地面 增益（软件模拟） 增益（实证） 差异(实证-模拟) 地面反射率 (设定) P型 N型 地面反射率 (实测) P型 N型 P型 N型 草坪 14% 3.7% 4.8% 10%-20% 6.00% 7.50% 2.30% 2.70% 黄沙 24% 5.8% 7.6% 22%-25% 8.00% 11.00% 2.20% 3.40% 白漆 75% 15.6% 20.3% 80% 18.00% 22.50% 2.40% 2.20% 模拟VS. 实证/Simulation VS. Field test  平单轴，双面增益，实证较模拟低~3% 3% more energy of field test with single-axis tracker VS. PVsyst simulation 实证，P型~20%，N型~25% 3.4、户外发电-PVsyst模拟-3 Field energy output based on PVsystsimulation  固定支架，高纬度区域低纬度区域  平单轴，低纬度区域高纬度区域 Fixed rack, high latitudelow latitude Single-axis tracker, low latitude high latitude 16.0% 18.0% 20.0% 哈密(高纬度) 广州(低纬度) 35.0% 40.0% 哈密(高纬度) 广州(低纬度) 固定支架Fixed rack 平单轴Single-axis tracker 纬度影响/Latitude influence 备注：Baseline组件-PERC单晶，固定支架最佳倾斜角安装 Baseline -Mono PERC modules mounted under fixed rack with optimal title angle. 0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 10.0% 12.0% 14.0% 草坪(14%) 黄沙(24%) 水泥(32%) 白漆(70%) 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 30.0% 草坪(14%) 黄沙(24%) 水泥(32%) 白漆(70%) 3.4、户外发电-PVsyst模拟-4 Field energy output based on PVsystsimulation  固定支架/平单轴，N型P型，且地面反射率越高，N型较P型优势越大 On fixed rack and single-axis tracker, N-typeP-type, especially under the ground of high albedo  N型较P型增益差值分析Gain difference analysis between N-type and P-type 5.00% 固定支架 平单轴 6.00% 7.00% 固定支架 平单轴 组件差异/Different Modules 哈密（高纬度） 广州（低纬度） 备注：Baseline组件-PERC单晶，固定支架最佳倾斜角安装 Baseline -Mono PERC modules mounted under fixed rack with optimal title angle. 0.00% 1.00% 2.00% 3.00% 4.00% 草坪(14%) 黄沙(24%) 水泥(32%) 白漆(70%) 0.00% 1.00% 2.00% 3.00% 4.00% 5.00% 草坪(14%) 黄沙(24%) 水泥(32%) 白漆(70%) 3.4、户外发电-Pvsyst模拟-5 Mounting suggestion based on PVsystsimulation  双面+固定支架，最佳安装角度~纬度  安装高度1.2m以上，增益基本不再变化 Bifacial+fixedrack, optimal title angle is near local latitude Energy gain become stable when racking height1.2m 安装方式/Mounting 备注：Baseline组件-PERC单晶，固定支架最佳倾斜角安装 Baseline -Mono PERC modules mounted under fixed rack with optimal title angle. 目录/Contents  双面组件I-V测试现状 I-V measurement of bifacial modules I-V测试方法现状 current I-V test method 铭牌要求现状 nameplate request 双面产品I-V标定建议 I-V calibration suggestion on bifacial production 组件功率标定Module power calibration indoor 电池效率标定Cell efficiency calibration indoor 组件综合功率评测分析Module equivalent power test and analysis indoor 双面组件户外发电分析 Field energy output of bifacial modules 工作电流电压 Working current and voltage 实证发电量（固定支架/平单轴）Field test data (Fixed rack/ Single-axis tracking) 系统配置分析System collocation analysis PVsyst模拟发电量（固定支架/平单轴） Field energy simulation based on PVsyst (Fixed rack/ Single-axis tracking) 双面组件背面遮挡影响分析 Influence of Rear shading on bifacial modules 接触遮挡与非接触遮挡 Touching and un-touching shading 背面遮挡对背面功率影响Influence of rear shading on rear Pmax 背面遮挡对工作温度影响Influence of rear shading on working temperature 支架遮挡对发电量影响Influence of rear rack shading on Field energy output 减小背面遮挡的经济性分析Economic analysis of diminishing rear shading Summary-4 双面组件背面遮挡影响分析Influence of Rear shading on bifacial modules 边框/陶瓷网格等遮挡，导致背面功率及双面因子显著降低  Rear Pmaxand bifacial factor decreasing obviously from rear shading 非均匀接触遮挡，使得局部温度升高3-5℃ 部分非接触遮挡，不会带来组件温度升高 尽量保证遮挡物与组件背面20mm以上间距  Touching shading bring in temperature rising of 3-5℃.  No temperature change under certain un-touching shading.  More than 20mm distance btw shading object and rear cover may be needed outdoors. 背面支架遮挡，对发电增益几乎无影响  Little generation loss is found under serious rear rack shading 增大组件尺寸等方式可减小或消除背面遮挡，但伴随组件及系统的成本上升  Increasing the module size helpful, with the cost raise of module and system 4.1、背面遮挡影响分析-接触遮挡与非接触遮挡 Rear touching and un-touching shading  双面组件户外工作，背面会遭到接触遮挡及非接触遮挡  接触遮挡：组件接线盒/背板玻璃陶瓷网格/某些支架横梁等  非接触遮挡：组件边框/地面障碍物/某些支架横梁等 The rear side of bifacial modules may encounter touching and un-touching shading outdoors 接线盒遮挡 Junction box 边框遮挡 Frame 支架遮挡Rack purline 陶瓷玻璃遮挡Ceramic glass 地面障碍物遮挡Ground weeds 4.2 背面遮挡影响分析-对背面功率的影响 Influence of rear shading on rear Pmax 组件类型 分类 Pmax △Pmax(背面) 双面因子 透明双面-Baseline 正面 369.33 75.35% 背面 278.27 0.00 陶瓷网格双面 正面 375.34 72.51%  边框/陶瓷网格等遮挡，导致背面功率及双面因子显著降低 Rear Pmaxand bifacial factor decreasing obviously from rear shading 背面 272.16 -6.11 透明双面+边框 正面 368.15 73.41% 背面 270.25 -8.02 陶瓷网格双面+边框 正面 374.87 69.76% 背面 261.51 -16.76 备注：P型双面电池，正面效率21.8%，双面因子~74% 4.3、背面遮挡影响分析-对工作温度影响 Influence of rear shading on working temperature  非均匀接触遮挡，使得局部温度升高3-5℃（陶瓷网格为均匀遮挡，无温升）  部分非接触遮挡，不会带来组件温度升高  尽量保证遮挡物与组件背面20mm以上间距  Touching shading bring in temperature rising of 3-5℃.  No temperature change under certain un-touching shading.  More than 20mm distance btw shading object and rear cover may be needed outdoors. 64 66 68 70 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61 64 67 70 73 76 79 非接触遮挡处（遮挡半个电池) 接触遮挡处（遮挡半个电池） 无遮挡处 浙江海宁，平单轴，中午，辐照度~950W/m2 接触遮挡touching shading 非接触遮挡un-touching shading 4.4、支架遮挡对发电量的影响 Influence of rack shading on Field energy output  支架遮挡面积达7%-8%，但发电增益降低1%以内 Little generation loss is found under serious rear rackshading N型双面+固定支架+白漆地面（浙江海宁） 130.00% 135.00% 140.00% 145.00% 150.00% 无遮挡 遮挡 严重支架遮挡vs无遮挡，发电增益降低1%内 单瓦发电增益% 无遮挡，平均123.4% 100.00% 105.00% 110.00% 115.00% 120.00% 125.00% 9 : 0 0 : 0 8 9 : 1 1 : 4 8 9 : 2 3 : 2 8 9 : 3 5 : 0 8 9 : 4 6 : 4 8 9 : 5 8 : 2 8 1 0 : 1 0 : 0 8 1 0 : 2 1 : 4 8 1 0 : 3 3 : 2 8 1 0 : 4 5 : 0 8 1 0 : 5 6 : 4 8 1 1 : 0 8 : 2 8 1 1 : 2 0 : 0 8 1 1 : 3 1 : 4 8 1 1 : 4 3 : 2 8 1 1 : 5 5 : 0 8 1 2 : 0 6 : 4 8 1 2